National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

is formed, which gets inundated after heavy rains. Along the right bank of the
river the erosion terrace is sharply marked, and consists, at its continuation along
the Chaktak, of blocks; the left terrace is more interrupted. The ground is soft
and easy with many signs of nomads' camps. Changta and Kara are small tribu-
taries from the south.

The valley becomes wider; Tsakung enters from the south; opposite it the
Chilung comes from the north. Chakta is a rocky promontory at the northern side
consisting of mica-quartzite. The brook of Rok comes from a southern valley,
Markyem, in the background of which is visible a little range with some snow; on
its southern side runs the tasam or high road. Shulung, Pangbuk, and Kyangjung
are valleys, and Teta a pasture-ground in the upper regions of Markyem. Camp
173, Churu, is at 4,628m. (15,180 feet). To the N.83°W. is an open valley, Parpa,
with Pugu-ri south of it; N.70°W. is a fairly high mountain Thakta, with some snow
to the N.E. Sangya and Motaga are small valleys from the north.

The road continues westwards in the same latitudinal valley as before, parallel
with the valley of the Tsangpo. A short distance west of Churu is a flat threshold,
not noticeable to the naked eye, but still important as being the watershed between
the Chaktak-tsangpo and the Men-chu. South of it issues the Tagelung-karmo; Rok-
parpa is one of its tributaries. The northern mountains are of moderate height and
pierced by several nameless gorges and ravines.

From the south enters the Serkyalung; Ta-chekbur is a steep rock to our
left; Kangmar a gorge from the north. By and by a little meandering brook appears
in the valley; the ground is soft, with grass, swamps and pools; 14 tents were pitched
at different places, surrounded by flocks of sheep, yaks and ponies; the road is well
frequented as many pilgrims return this way from the Kailas, thus completing a kore
or round wandering by the journey itself. Shägo is a southern tributary with two
moderate peaks in its background. Camp 174, Rok-shung, is at 4,609m. (15,118
feet). The rock is phyllitic schist.

Following the brook we now keep to the S.W. The northern mountains rise
in height; a snow-covered peak to the N.38°W. is called Chuka-turbung, and one
to the N.41°W. Yundung-tsepke. At the left side of the valley the rock is quartz.
Down through a left tributary, Tangchen, the tasam comes down and joins our
road at the foot of the southern mountains. Dangjung is a tributary from the south,
Logolaga a small but dominating peak on the same side.

Our brook joins the Men-chu, coming from the N.W.; east of the junction the
rock is crystalline sandstone, and west of it quartzitic sandstone. In the angle between
both brooks is a mighty rocky group of mountains; at the confluence is Nyuku-tasam
with a little house for the chief of the district. The height is 4,600m. (15,088 feet)
Following the Men-chu which carried some 3cub.m. a second, the road turns
N.W. The brook is rather sinuous, the valley narrow with its bottom covered by
gravel and grass. The right hand terrace is 4 or 5m. high; the rock consists of