国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

365

West of the Lunkar range is the small range of Kapta, though there may be
one or two more ranges near Kapta, untouched by my route. Perhaps these mount-
ains should rather be regarded as ramifications from the great neighbouring ranges.
Then follows one of the most sharply defined and highest folds of the system, the
Surla range, crossed in the Sur-la, near its middle. Its western neighbour is the
Pedang range. Still further west are the ranges Lavar-gangri, Ding-la and Surnge-la.
There is a great gap of unknown land south of this part of my route, where everything
is conjectural. But as I found all the ranges, as far as I could check them, stretching
N.W.—S.E., it is very likely that this direction prevails in the unknown country as well.

In this part of Tibet there are some examples of geographical homologies.
We have the Buptsang-tsangpo between two ranges and going to the Tarok-tso;
we have the Nyapchu-tsangpo between two ranges and going to the Poru-tso; we
have the Pedang-tsangpo between two ranges and going to the Shovo-tso. Very
likely the Sumdang-tsangpo also flows between two ranges in its upper course, and
finally empties itself into the Nganglaring-tso. If I may be allowed to draw preliminary
conclusions from analogies, it may be presumed that the configuration between the
Lunkar-Lunpo-gangri range and the Kanchung-gangri re-occurs several times further
west. Thus the Nyapchu-tsangpo comes from the Men-la, which is a threshold between
two ranges, just like the Samye-la, and at the S.E. side of which a river probably
descends to Tsa-chu-tsangpo. The Pedang-la is probably a pass between two
ranges and with a S.E.-going river belonging to the same Tsa-chu-tsangpo. Very
likely the Sumdang-tsangpo and Lavar-tsangpo also come from thresholds between
ranges and not from crest passes. The continental, or Indian water-parting seems,
therefore, to follow the thresholds between these several folds.

Till the end of May the weather generally remained clear, but the beginning of
June was sometimes very cloudy and cold; on June 3th, 4th and 6th a good deal of
snow and snow hail fell, and the sky was dark with clouds. On June 12th the Gyänor-
tsangpo was frozen after — 4,9° in the night. On June 18th southern wind again
brought snow and hail. The prevailing wind came from S.S.W., sometimes heavy
winds blew from the west. On June 19th again rain and hail. Excepting the 25th,
the weather at the end of June was on the whole perfectly clear. All these dates
are from 1908, which year had much more precipitation than 1907.

Animal life was abundant. Wild geese and ducks were seen, especially along
the Soma-tsangpo and on the shore of Teri-nam-tso, where hares, too, lived in great
numbers. Kyangs and antelopes were general along the lake, especially on the
plain west of Teri-nam-tso. At Goalung kyangs, goa-antelopes and partridges were
particularly numerous. On the Goa-la we saw several Pantholops antelopes. In the
Buptsang valley kyangs, goa-antelopes, foxes and wild geese. In the Lunkar valley
the hares were innumerable. In the high regions round Sur-la the wild yak is not
rare. On the Selipuk plain there are flocks of kyangs and antelopes, and wolves
are particularly numerous.