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| 0056 |
Southern Tibet : vol.3 |
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CHAPTER VI.
KLAPROTH.
With d'Anvilles *Noveau Atlas de la Chine*, published 1737, and containing
amongst the maps of China the one of Tibet (1733) discussed in the preceding
chapter, begins the history of European knowledge of the Transhimalaya. All other
maps of Tibet, printed in Europe, are, until the first quarter of the last century,
simply copies of d'Anville's Tibet.¹ But a still more important epoch in this history
is marked by the information from Chinese sources translated and published by J. KLAP-
ROTH. He was the first to direct, in a more positive way, the attention of geog-
raphers to the existence of a mountain system north of the Tsangpo. Klaproth was
the great conqueror in the Chinese literature; he collected the material, which after-
wards, from a purely geographical point of view, was sifted and arranged by RITTER
and HUMBOLDT. But Klaproth himself also laid down his conquests on a map,
which for a long time was regarded as gospel concerning these regions, until fresh
exploration brought new material and broke down the Chinese orographical system.
In a preceding part of this work I have already quoted some extracts from
Klaproth touching the Chinese description of the Kailas.² He calls it Gangdis ri, or
the mountain of snow colour.³ It is at 310 li N.E. of the town Taklakar dsong in
Purang, the province of Ari (Ngari), and at 5,590 li direct east from Si-ning-
fu in Kansu. Mount Kailas raises its peak 550 Chinese fathoms above the range to
which it belongs,⁴ and it has a circumference of 140 li. It is surrounded by other
very high peaks, but surpasses these by more than 100 fathoms. For those who
travel from China to the S.W. the ground rises the whole way until they reach mount
Kailas, »which is the highest point of the whole range, the direction of which one
is following.»⁵ This range subdivides itself into several branches, which traverse
the country in winding directions. To the N.W. of the Gangdis ri, is the snowy
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