Southern Tibet : vol.3 / 133 ページ（カラー画像）

0133	Southern Tibet : vol.3
南チベット : vol.3

in a rather unusual way, for the southern comes from a little lake north of the Kailas,
the northern, which partly is marked with a dotted line, has its sources in the Kwen-
lun and goes through the lakes Ike-namur-noor and Bacha-namur-noor, which for a
very long time have occupied the N.W. corner on maps of Tibet. From the neigh-
bourhood of the Kailas a smaller range stretches to the N.E. joining the Kwen-lun.
The range of the left side of the upper Indus continues eastwards north of the Tsangpo
and south of Tengri-nor, where it turns to the N.E. in the same manner as fifty years
later on Saunders' map.
As Klaproth's results had not yet been published one wonders from where
Lapie has drawn his information. But in his introduction¹ d'Ohsson gives us the
sources: »La carte d'Asie, placée en tête de cette Histoire, a été dressée par M. le
chevalier Lapie, d'après les meilleurs matériaux connus . . . L'Inde est extraite
de la grande carte d'Arrowsmith et de plusieurs cartes particulières. L'Asie cen-
trale est le resultat de plusieurs itinéraires, combinés avec les cartes russes: on se
contentera de citer celui de Caschmir à Taraz, par Badakhschan et Khodjend,
qui a jeté un grand jour sur des régions jusqu'ici presque inconnues . . . Le vaste
empire de la Chine est extrait des cartes chinoises, appuyées sur un bon nombre
d'observations astronomiques, et considérablement améliorées, à l'aide de nombreux
itinéraires.»
Here Klaproth is not even mentioned. The material for Tibet is taken direct
from d'Anville and the Ta-ch'ing map, the general features of which are easily re-
cognisable. The only difference is that Lapie has joined all the source ranges of
the Chinese maps into one, probably suggesting that the great river Tsangpo must
be situated between two parallel ranges, just as the Indus is bordered by two ranges.
This representation of the Transhimalayan mountains is a forerunner to the conception
in later years exposed by Hodgson and Saunders. Lapie has no names for his
mountains.
Two years later the map of Asia in Stieler's Hand-Atlas, (Pl. X), is probably
the most important of the time. It has the title: Das chinesische Reich mit den
Schutz-Staaten und Japan. Entw. u. gez. v. C. G. R. (Reichard). It is published
in 1826. Here Tibet hardly seems to be a terra incognita at all. The whole area
of the country is filled with mountains, rivers and lakes, although no other travellers
than Andrade, the Capuchins, Grueber and Dorville had crossed it, and Moorcroft
visited its S.W. part. There are three salient features in the physical geography: A
tremendous mountain system in the heart of Tibet, the big lake Terkiri (Tengri-
noor) and the river Tsampu correctly regarded as the upper part of the Brahma-
putra. The part of the great mountain system which is situated south of Lake Ter-
kiri, has no name but is the same as Nien-chen-tang-la. Many of the names are
perfectly identical with those given by d'Anville 1733, but the general orientation is

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