Southern Tibet : vol.3 / 134 ページ（カラー画像）

0134	Southern Tibet : vol.3
南チベット : vol.3

in many respects different from d'Anville's map. Where we should expect the Kwen-
lun, there is a border range called Kentaisse Gebirge, although one cannot under-
stand how that famous name could be given to it, remembering the fact that d'An-
ville, almost a hundred years earlier had marked Kentaisse at its right place. The
country north of this range is called »Turfan, kleine Bucharey oder Ost-Dshagatai»,
and this country is obviously believed to be a high plateau-land.
The meridional range, culminating in Mus-tagh-ata, is called Mustag oder Kara-
kurrum Gebirge, and the source of the river Schayuk is W.N.W. of Yarkand.
The great range of Lapie north of the Tsangpo has been split up in several
mountain groups or irregular ranges more or less independent of each other and not
at all reminding us of d'Anville.
Pl. XI shows a most interesting map of a part of Tibet, drawn by PH. VAN-
DERMAELEN and published in Brussells 1827.¹ The south-western corner of this map
is entirely taken from Moorcroft. The northernmost range of Tibet which ought to
correspond to the Kwen-lun, is so far like Lapie's map that it divides into two
branches going N.E. and S.E. Between the latter and the Kailas there is an in-
terrupted diagonal range, or rather two mountain groups. The northern border-
range continues to the west in Mus Tag or Kara Monts de Neige. Between the
latter and Kailas is a meridional range probably a parent to Humboldt's and Ritter's
N.W.—S.E. stretching range in the same region. Tarok-tso with neighbouring lakes
and rivers, the upper Tsangpo with its tributaries, and the Targo-tsangpo with its
lakes, are the same as on the Chinese maps. More curious are the mountains north
of the upper Tsangpo and Raga-tsangpo, for they are not like any other map.
There is no continuous range as on Lapie's map, but three very clumsy mountain
groups quite independent of each other. Nothing could be more unlike the numerous
small and narrow ranges of d'Anville's map, and we must regard these mountains
as an attempt to reconcile the Chinese hydrography with general orographical laws.
We now come to the most interesting comparison, namely the one between
the orographical systems and cartographical representations of KLAPROTH, HUM-
BOLDT and RITTER. The material I have to discuss is partly to be found on pre-
ceding pages. First of all, as a kind of foundation stone we have to consider Klap-
roth's Tibetan mountain systems of 1826.² He has three principal ranges: I, Hima-
laya, II, the range beginning from Kailas and stretching eastwards along the southern
side of Tsangpo, III, the eastern continuation of the Kara-korum, which also comes in
contact with the Kailas, stretches eastwards and includes the Nien-chen-tang-la. He

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