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| 0175 |
Southern Tibet : vol.3 |
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layan regions; this is because its mean elevation is so enormous, that ranges of
20 000 to 22 000 feet appear low and insignificant upon it. The absence of forest
and other obstructions to the view, the breadth and flatness of the valleys, and the
undulating character of the lower ranges that traverse its surface, give it a com-
paratively level appearance, and suggest the term 'maidan' or 'plains' to the Tibetan,
when comparing his country with the complicated ridges of the deep Sikkim valleys.»
His views of the axis, the watershed, and the line of highest peaks are of
interest. The eastern watershed is marked by the heads of the waters flowing
north to the Tsangpo and south to the Brahmaputra of Assam and the Ganges and
has, as he says, been crossed only by Turner and Bogle, forgetting Manning. He
continues: »Eastwards from the sources of the Tsampu, the watershed of the Hima-
laya seems to follow a very winding course, and to be everywhere to the north of
the snowy peaks seen from the plains of India. It is by a line through these snowy
peaks that the axis of the Himalaya is represented in all our maps; because they
seem from the plains to be situated on an east and west ridge, instead of being
placed on subsidiary meridional ridges . . . Though, however, our maps draw the
axis through the snowy peaks, they also make the rivers to rise beyond the latter,
on the northern slopes as it were, and to flow southwards through gaps in the axis.
Such a feature is only reconcilable with the hypothesis of the chain being double . . .
Donkia mountain is the culminant point of an immensely elevated mass of mountains,
of greater mean height than a similarly extensive area around Kinchenjunga. It
comprises Chumulari, and many other mountains much above 20 000 feet, though
none equalling Kinchenjunga, Junnoo, and Kubra.» ¹
It is worth noting that the same fate overcame the Transhimalaya, not so
long after Nain Sing's journey as after that of the Tibet Frontier Mission. The
peaks visible from the Tsangpo valley were believed to belong to one and the same
range, which was consequently drawn as an uninterrupted range on Ryder's and
Burrard's maps. In the Transhimalaya as in Himalaya the water-parting is situated
north of the high peaks. But to join the highest peaks of the southern parts of
Transhimalaya and call the result a range would be as if we joined K² and the
other highest peaks of the Kara-korums with Nanda Devi, Daulagiri, Mount Everest
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