Southern Tibet : vol.3 / 177 ページ（カラー画像）

0177	Southern Tibet : vol.3
南チベット : vol.3

face of Kwen-lun go to the Indian Ocean, he is correct only under two conditions:
that the Kara-korum is regarded as a part of the Kwen-lun and that only the western
Kara-korum is considered. But when he says that the rivers from the north side
of Kwen-lun and Transhimalaya run to Lop, he shows how utterly unknown the in-
terior of Tibet was in 1850. In this Hooker has been influenced by Thomson, whose
orographical systems he finds more probable than those of Humboldt. It is, how-
ever, difficult to understand what he really means. For, like Thomson, he regards
the Pamir or Bolor as the centre from which the three greatest mountain systems
of Asia spring: 1. The one to the north-east stretching all the way to Behring's
Strait, 2. The Hindoo Koosh, and 3. »The Muz tagh or Kara-korum, which prob-
ably extends due east into China, south of the Hoang-ho, but which is broken up
north of Manasarowar into the chains which have been already enumerated.» These
chains must be Kwen-lun, Kara-korum and the chain north of the »Yaru». But if
now, as he says, the Muz tagh or Kara-korum extends due east into China, how
can the rivers from the north side of the Yaru chain (= Transhimalaya) flow into
the valley of Lake Lop?
When Hooker sometimes speaks of Kwen-lun or Kara-korum and sometimes
of Muz tagh or Kara-korum, he obviously means in both cases the same system,
in which are situated the Kara-korum pass and the Mus-tagh pass. It is worth while
to remember that he and Thomson regarded the Kara-korum, whether alone or as
a part of the Kwen-lun, as stretching through the whole of Tibet into China. This
was only a hypothesis, for we have seen that the interior of Tibet was utterly un-
known. Still the two learned explorers were more perspicacious than some modern
geographers who, 60 years later, used the term Eastern Kara-korum for those parts
of the system which are situated far in the west, although they have had at their
disposal the materials of Prshevalskiy, Bonvalot, Bower, de Rhins, Wellby,
Littledale, etc, and my own crossings in several directions through Tibet.
Dr Campbell's article: Notes on Eastern Thibet,¹ published in 1855, does
not clear up the complicated orography. He says himself that the best account of
the Trans-Himalayan regions is to be found in Dr Thomson's Travels. His own
contribution runs as follows: »I shall now endeavour to describe the second grand
division or 'Eastern Tibet'. It is by all accounts an exceedingly mountainous country,
i. e. it contains immense masses and ranges of the most rugged mountains in the
world interspersed with extensive plateaus and deep level-bottomed valleys along the
streams and rivers. — The Thibetans I have met with, do not recognize a continuous
chain of mountains running parallel to the Himalaya; nor are they acquainted with
'Kounlun' as the name of any mountain range. They are familiar with the Hima-
laya on one hand and call it 'Kangri' which simply means Snowy region, and they
know that the country of the Mongols, or Mongolia lies parallel to it on the other

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