Southern Tibet : vol.3 / 180 ページ（カラー画像）

0180	Southern Tibet : vol.3
南チベット : vol.3

and Kongra Lama before the visit I am about to describe, although the country has
been open to travellers during at least half the intervening period.¹

In his famous book on Ladak Sir ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM has not much to
say of our system, and what he says only regards its western part. Of Chang-tang
he says that it »comprises the two districts of Chumurti and Garo on the Indus, but
its extent to the eastward is unknown«.²

He regards the Bara-Lacha chain as the continuation of the true Himalaya,
and he proposes the following names: Mid-Himalaya and Outer or Sub-Himalaya.
Beyond the Himalaya he finds at least 3 distinct ranges which he calls Trans-Himalaya,
the Chushal, and the Karakoram or Trans-Tibetan chains. He adds: »These names
are by no means intended to supersede any that may now exist, but only as de-
scriptive appellations of extensive mountain-ranges which at present have no general
names.«

His Trans-Tibetan range is the same as the Bolor and Kara-korum which
further east »probably« merges into the Kwen-lun. At the same time it is the north-
ern boundary of the Tibetans. For this unfortunate view he finds some support in
Humboldt's Cosmos.

Of the Gangri range he says; »The Kailâs, or Gangri range, runs through
the midst of western Tibet, along the right bank of the Indus, to the junction of
the Shayok. Neither Moorcroft nor Vigne has given any name to this range, though
both of them crossed it several times, and in different places. I have ventured to
call it the Kailâs, or Gangri range, because those names are equally celebrated by
the Hindus and Tibetans. Kailâs or 'Ice-mountain', is the Indian Olympus, the abode
of Siva and the celestials. Gang-ri, or 'Ice-mountain', is called Ri-gyal, or King of
Mountains, by the Tibetans, who look upon Ti-se, or the Kailas Peak, as the highest
mountain in the world. The Trans-Himalayan range divides the head-waters of the
Sutluj from those of the Indus, and extends to the western limits of Rongdo and
Astor.«

Cunningham's Trans-Himalaya is a part of Himalaya itself, and therefore the
name is a priori absurd. One could as well call Berner Oberland the Trans-Alps.
The Trans-Alai is not a part of Alai, it is altogether another system. Trans-Tibetan
is also a very unfortunate appellation. For Bolor was just disappearing and Kara-
korum is a part of Tibet from a physico-geographical point of view. His name
Trans-Himalaya seems never to have been popular.

To draw the Kailas or Gangri range all the way to the junction of the Indus
and Shayok is of course wrong for its north-western continuation goes north of the
Shayok. On the other hand Cunningham is right in saying that nothing whatever is
known, 1854, of the eastern continuation of the Kara-korum. He could have said
the same of the eastern continuation of the Kailas range, but he has not a word

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