Southern Tibet : vol.3 / 241 ページ（カラー画像）

0241	Southern Tibet : vol.3
南チベット : vol.3

greatest elevation. »He traced a connected line of peaks, not under 21 000 feet in
height, and intersecting the watercourses, and concluded that they did not form a
range of mountains because rivers broke through them. This erroneous notion of
the essential character of a range of mountains explains his misconception of the
Himálayan system. A cordillera, or range of mountains, is a ridge of elevated land
running in one general direction, and the fact of its being cut through by one or
more rivers does not alter its character and convert it into a series of spurs or rami-
fications. It still remains a range of mountains, and any other conception of it
would give a most erroneous idea of its physical character. The theory that when
a chain of mountains is cut through by rivers it becomes a series of spurs was thus
originated by Captain Herbert, and may be called the Herbert theory. It was
adopted by Dr. Thomson, Mr. Brian Hodgson, and Dr. Hooker.» Hooker used the
rivers as guides. »He proposes to call Herbert's Indo-Gangetic the Cis-Sutlej, and
the chain commencing at Kailas the Trans-Sutlej Range.» Hodgson »describes the
Nepal division of the system as consisting of three river basins, those of the Karnali,
Gandak, and Kosi, separated by peaked ridges parallel to each other, and at right
angles with the main chain. Hooker adopted the same view.»

Then he comes over to Cunningham, whose Mid-Himálaya and Great-Himá-
laya would be the Cis-Sutlej and Trans-Sutlej ranges of Thomson, and the former
would be the Indo-Gangetic range of Herbert.

Next comes Henry Strachey who considers the general plan of the mountain
system to be a series of parallel ranges running in an oblique line to the general
extension of the whole, the great peaks being generally on terminal butt-ends of the
primary ranges. The chief watersheds often follow the lowest of the ridges, whereas
the channels of drainage cross the highest.

Finally he comes to Saunders' view as set forth in his memoir: »The In-
dus, Sutlej, and Sanpu form a continuous trough in the same axial direction, and
divide the Northern Himálaya from the Karakorum and Gang-dis-ri Mountains. The
Kara-korum divides the Indus basin from the basin of Lake Lob, and the Gang-
dis-ri separates the Indus, Sutlej, and Sanpu from the elevated plateau of Tibet,
which is drained by inland lakes. This general view is clear and perspicuous,
and is made more so by the excellent map which accompanies Mr. Saunders'
memoir.»

Markham, as in his book on Bogle's mission »treated of three main ranges,
considering the Karakorum and Gang-dis-ri as the Northern; Mr. Saunders' North-
ern Range as the Central Himalaya; and the other the Southern . . . The Northern
Range is divided into a western and an eastern section. The western is known as
the Karakorum Range . . . The sources of three great rivers are on the southern
slopes of the Northern Range, and force their way through the Central and South-
ern Ranges, namely, the Indus, Sutlej, and Brahmaputra. The eastern section of
the Northern Range separates the inland system of lakes on the Tibetan plateau

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