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| 0242 |
Southern Tibet : vol.3 |
| 南チベット : vol.3 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
from the valley of the Sanpu or Brahmaputra. It is sometimes known as the Nyen-
chhen-tang-la mountains, and Mr. Saunders proposes that it should be called the
Gang-dis-ri Range. Parallel to the Northern Range runs the Central Range of the
Himālaya, the two enclosing the upper basins of the Indus, Sutlej, and Brahma-
putra. — In noticing the Herbert theory, according to which the Southern Range
is not a cordillera, because it is broken by the defiles through which the rivers
force their way, which rise in the Central Range, I pointed out that this is not a
question of fact, but of correct definition. If a cordillera is a range of mountains
through which rivers force their way, as well as one which has an unbroken water-
parting, then the Southern Range of the Himalaya is undoubtedly a cordillera or
chain of mountains. — The Calcutta Reviewer fancies that he settles the question
by saying that a row of unconnected links does not constitute a chain, and that the
essence of a chain is the continuous connection of its links.»
In opposition to this view Markham maintains that a cordillera is a range, or
ranges of hills, continuing one after another in a direct line, whether broken through
by ravines or not. And he adds: »The notion that a chain of mountains must cul-
minate in a continuous water-parting is a fallacy. A great mountain system does,
but it usually consists of two or three distinct cordilleras or chains, and some of
them are, as a rule, cut through by river courses, though each, also, forms a distinct
water-parting of its own. We have seen that this is the case in the Himalayan
system, in which the Central and Southern Ranges are both cut through by rivers,
though the Northern Range is not.»
Between the valley of the Vilcamayu and the basin of Titicaca in the Andes
he finds a counterpart of Maryum-la, dividing the basin of the Satlej from the valley
of the Brahmaputra. He also finds a geographical homology between the elevated
valleys of the Andes and those between the Northern and Central Ranges of the
Himālaya, or Transhimalaya and Himalaya.
He gives the following definition of a water-parting: »In English geography
a water-parting, called a divide by the Americans, is the ridge which separates the
flow of water on either side of a range of hills. The water-shed is not the water-
parting, or dividing ridge, but the slope down which the water flows from the ridge
to the river in the valley below.»
Markham sums up his views in the following cardinal points: »The Southern
Himalayan Range is clearly defined by its numerous snowy peaks, which are the
loftiest in the world. Behind it is the Central Himalayan Range; and the system is
completed by the Karakorum and Gang-dis-ri Mountains, which I have called the
Northern Range.»
In this article of Markham's we find for the first time, if not a résumé of the
history of its exploration, so at least an attempt to fix the orographical situation
and importance of the mountain system north of the Tsangpo. He calls it the North-
ern range, as compared with the two Himalayan ranges. It could as well be called
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410
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473
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563
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575
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587
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599
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610
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