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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0244 |
Southern Tibet : vol.3 |
| 南チベット : vol.3 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
If Markham had not studied the question on the spot, we have seen above
that Hodgson has not either done so. Even some years before ›The Calcutta Reviewer‹
Wilfred L. Heeley deals with the country north of Himalaya in a way which proves
that he has more confidence in Nain Sing than in Hodgson. He says: ›Hills are
always in sight, generally in low ranges parallel to the river, but often rising into
snowy peaks. From the source of the Brahmaputra a long range bearing numerous
glaciers stretches 150 miles to the east. North of the river there is, generally speak-
ing, an open country intersected by immense tributary rivers, and without cultivation
of any kind.‹ Further on he says that north of the Yaro Tsangpo is a ›wild wide
country, tenanted by nomads‹. ¹
However, Markham's orography was widely accepted, and was introduced even
into such an important work as A Manuel of the Geology of India,² where, in 1893,
it is said: ›The most popular of the views regarding the physical geography of the
Himalayas is probably that proposed by Clements Markham, which regards them as
consisting of three more or less parallel ranges known as the northern, central, and
southern, respectively. This view was most beautifully illustrated in the map attached
to his edition of the travels of Bogle and Manning, where three long ranges are de-
picted, stretching across the map from east to west. The view appears to have a
certain resemblance to the truth, and cannot be absolutely disproved owing to our
ignorance of the geography of the greater part of the Himálayas and to the inde-
finiteness of the term mountain range, but our knowledge of Himálayan geography
is sufficient to show that the orography of the Himálayas is by no means so simple
or well defined as it is represented on the map just referred to.‹
Oldham is of course quite right in dealing with Saunders' map in Markham's
book in this critical way. Brian Hodgson's Nyenchhen-thánglá was of no use to
him, and he does not even mention it.³ The north-western portion of the mountain
system in question is the best known, and consists, according to Oldham, of four
ranges: Mustagh or Karakorum, the Ladákh range, the Zanskar range and the Pir
Panjál. He very wisely adds: ›Nothing definite can be said of the south-easterly
continuation of the ranges.‹ But the Ladákh and Kara-korum ranges may be re-
garded as coalescent to continue in the range of mountains which runs north of the
great longitudinal valley, of the upper Indus, Sutlej, and Sanpo rivers. ›It may,
however, well be doubted whether either of these ranges has a real continuity along
the whole length of the Himálayas, and it is altogether more probable that, whether
we regard them structurally or according to the accidents of the existing contour of
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587
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599
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610
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