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| 0250 |
Southern Tibet : vol.3 |
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OCR Text
at the northern bank of the Tsangpo, and, to the north, gradually going over into the
Tibetan plateau. Between Gangdisri and Kuenlun there is nothing that could be
suspected as an eastern continuation of the Kara-korum, which could not be expected
either, as Saunders connected the Kara-korum and the Gangdisri. Both on the
map and on the section there are, however, several small ranges of hills. The section
is placed about Longitude 85°. To judge from the map it would have been very
much the same at 82° or 90°. And if it be remembered that 84°45' cuts at least
five different ranges, all belonging to the Transhimalaya, one will realize that the
Gangdisri of Saunders is nothing but mere conjecture.
Thus, following Saunders' terminology, the series of highest peaks including
Mt. Everest, is the Southern chain of the Himalaya, and he described it and re-
presented it on his map of 1870 as an uninterrupted range. This view was adopted
by all the best professional geographers.
In another important article, The Himalayan System,¹ Saunders, seven years
later, develops his views and tells us all that was known regarding the Transhima-
laya. He criticises the Calcutta Reviewer and finds it strange that he could support
the same view as Herbert, whose errors were the result of his limited knowledge.
Remembering the clear and simple distinction between the systems of Himalaya
and Transhimalaya, one becomes rather bewildered when one has to realize that
Saunders' Gangri Mountains are the same as Markham's Northern range, and Saunders'
Northern chain the same as Markham's Central chain, and the Reviewer's Southern
watershed the same as Saunders' Northern chain. It does not make the problem
easier that everybody should use his own terminology. So, when Saunders says
that the Reviewer asserts that the peaks of the Southern Chain belong to spurs ex-
tended from the Northern, one would not quite understand what he meant, unless
he had added that the separation between the two ranges was effected by such valleys
as Kashmir, Spiti, Baspa, Bhagirati, Alaknanda, and others. The »summit» of the
Northern Range he finds easy to trace with some distinctness, »while its northern
base is unmistakably defined by the prolonged courses of the great rivers flowing
through the same trough, although in oppsite directions». On the other hand, he
says, »the Upper Indus and Sanpu are of such lengths and magnitudes that no one
has suggested such an amalgamation of the mountains on either side of them as the
Calcutta Reviewer advocates between our Northern and Southern Ranges. Not even
the Reviewer imagines spurs extending across the prolonged trough of the Upper
Indus and Sanpu. — But the Reviewer, following Mr. Markham, agrees with him
in considering the mountains on both sides of the trough as Himalaya. In my
original discussion of this subject, the Himalaya is limited between the south side of
the trough and the plains of India. With the best disposition to concur in the newer
view, my own method seems to me to be the more symmetrical and convenient,
more consistent with the nature of rivers and mountains . . .»
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