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| 0270 |
Southern Tibet : vol.3 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
Reclus does not count the Gang-dis-ri as part of Himalaya. ¹ He distinguishes
three parallel systems: The Himalaya, with the high peaks, the Trans-Himalaya or
water-parting, and the Gang-dis-ri, or my Transhimalaya. He is correct in regarding
the Gang-dis-ri as a continuation of the Kara-korum, as the Transhimalaya is prob-
ably the eastern prolongation of the southern Kara-korum system.
On Reclus' map of India and Tibet (Pl. XXIII) the river Tsangpo is drawn
from Nain Sing and its northern tributaries from d'Anville. The Gang-dis-ri is
pierced by the Chaktak-tsangpo just as on Nain Sing's map, although Reclus places
the range further north than Nain Sing and others. Reclus has the sources of the
Chaktak-tsangpo at about 31°20′, which is one degree too far north.
LÉON FEER in his little book on Tibet ² has the following view of the oro-
graphical arrangement: »Le système Himalayen est formé de trois chaînes parallèles
(méridionale, centrale, septentrionale) . . .» The two last belong entirely to Tibet,
the first only partly. He regards the Gang-ri (Kailâsa) as being the highest summit
of the northern range. In the far east the three ranges »sont coupées par la chaîne
transversale des monts Bayan-Kara . . . à l'extrémité occidentale, la chaîne septen-
trionale, qui prend le nom de Karakorum, se relie aux monts Kien-loun». With the
meagre material available it is not surprising that different geographers should arrive
at such different results.
The greatest name in Asiatic geography has, of recent years, been that of
Baron FERDINAND VON RICHTHOFEN. In the first, second and fourth volume of
his great monumental work China, published 1877 to 1883, he has given the world
the epoch-making results of his own researches. We are indebted to the indefatig-
able work and knowledge of Doctor ERNST TIESSEN of Berlin for the publication
of the great remainder of Richthofen's journals and annotations, a service to geo-
graphical science for which Doctor Tiessen cannot be too highly praised. The
chapters which deal with the modern exploration in Tibet seem to have been written
by Richthofen about 1896, for the expeditions undertaken after this year are not
mentioned. But Doctor Tiessen has added all contributions of later years and thus
brought this great standard work up to date.
With admirable clearness and perspicacity Richthofen has made use of the
insufficient material existing, for drawing out orographical and geological conclusions.
In his Fünfter Abschnitt of Chapter VI Richthofen considers the mountains round
the sources of the Yangtse-chiang and their continuations. There are four rivers:
Namtshutu, Namtshutola-muren, Toktonai and Murui-ussu, and three ranges: Koko-
shili, Dungburé and Bukha-mangna, crossed by Rockhill. The continuation of these
ranges is shown by the routes of Prshevalskiy and Krischna. And Richthofen says
of their further prolongation to the west:
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