Southern Tibet : vol.3 / 285 ページ（カラー画像）

0285	Southern Tibet : vol.3
南チベット : vol.3

ern part and some native explorers far in the west. But twice in his address Mark-
ham says that Littledale did not cross the range, although he has given us the very
important section of the Goring-la.

The address also shows what a false idea about an eastern buttress of the
Chang-tang was still entertained so late as in 1896, Markham believing that Nien-chen-
tang-la turned up to the N.E. and formed the threshold from which the Indo-Chinese
rivers were supposed to begin. Saunders is responsible for this view, which again
returns on the map illustrating the journey of A—K—.

But the great merit of Markham is to have understood and pointed out clearer
than anybody else the importance of exploration in these regions. He returns over
and over again to this great geographical desideratum, and for the sake of com-
pleteness I will quote two or three other utterances of his.

In 1899 he said:¹ ›One of the most interesting pieces of geographical work
that remains to be achieved in Central Asia, is the detailed examination of the great
chain of mountains bounding the Tsanpu valley on the north. I have called it the
Northern Himalayan chain; Mr. Brian Hodgson gave it the name of Nyen-
chen-tangla, and Mr. Trelawney Saunders suggested the Gangri range; but no name
has been adopted, and the mountains are practically unknown.‹

In his address 1904 Markham again says:² ›In my address of 1896 I drew
attention to the importance of exploring the great northern range of the Himalaya
from Kailas to the Goring-la of Littledale, and I got together all available informa-
tion on the subject. But this is work which still remains to be done.‹

A year later Sir Clements Markham said in his address:³ ›On the march from
Gyangtse to Gartok, 40 000 square miles were surveyed, including the Tsang-po
from Shigatse to its source, the Mansarowar lake region, and the Gartok branch of
the Indus. For all this the chief credit is due to our Gold Medallist, Major Ryder.
In my address for 1896, I drew special attention to the regions traversed by these
officers, and to the importance of exploring the Tibetan continuation of the Kara-
korum range, which commences at the central peak of Kailas or Gangri, 21 800
feet above the sea. Mr. Brian Hodgson calls this Tibetan range Nyenchen-tangla.
It rises from the northern bank of the Tsanpu, and Major Ryder has measured some
of its peaks. He has much to tell us about this northern Himalayan range.‹

It is always the same old story told I do not know how many times and as
usual Hodgson is made responsible for Klaproth's Nien-chen-tang-la. No new in-
formation regarding the ›range‹ is given in the address. In his address of 1896
Markham drew special attention not at all to the regions traversed by Ryder, but
to the regions situated north of the Tsangpo valley. The latter achieved the most ad-
mirable and conscientious survey and triangulation along his road and so far as his

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