Southern Tibet : vol.3 / 293 ページ（カラー画像）

0293	Southern Tibet : vol.3
南チベット : vol.3

ploration is which has brought us such surprising news. When Sandberg says that
the tributaries »pass through gorges between lofty peaks in this range, much as do
the Indian rivers in their course through the southern Himalayas«, he has obviously
had Ryder's map before his eyes, from which map one may get the impression that
a continuous range is following the Tsangpo-valley close by and that the tributaries
pierce that range for reaching the Tsangpo. To the same effect points his assertion
that the early course of the Chaktak-tsangpo »has been traced back north beyond
the Gangdis-ri range, its primary sources being found in certain lakes to the SW
and S of Dangra Yum T'so«. The course of the Chaktak-tsangpo had not been
traced back before 1908.

Sandberg has no doubt, to a certain extent, been influenced by Saunders' map,
with which his description often agrees. Holdich proposed to remove the watershed
to the north of the central lakes. On Ryder's map the great range was drawn very
near the Tsangpo. I had the good fortune to remove the watershed to its real
situation between the lake region and the river.

Finally I have to quote Colonel Sir S. G. BURRARD's views regarding the
Transhimalaya. On his Chart XVII¹ he has entered the Ninchin-thang-la range south
of Tengri-nor to 89° E. long. The western prolongation is missing, but eastwards
he has drawn its continuation far down between the Irrawaddi and Salwen. Of this
part he says in the text:² »The southerly extension of the Ninchinthangla range
shown on chart XVII is purely conjectural.« Compared with the general orographical
laws prevailing in these parts of High Asia, Burrard's conjecture is very likely to
be right. Burrard draws his conclusion from the river courses: »We have as yet no
proof that the Ninchinthangla sweeps round on the east as the Kara-korum does on
the west, but the courses of the rivers in the two regions are very similar.«

In Burrard's terminology the Kailas range is the western half of the Trans-
himalaya, whereas the eastern is Ninchin-thangla. Regarding its function as water-
parting he says:³ »East of Manasarowar the Kailas range forms generally the north-
ern rim of the Brahmaputra's trough: it cannot, however, be called the water-parting,
as it is cut through in places by rivers from the north.« If the Transhimalaya were
really, as Burrard says, a range, this view would be correct. But in reality it con-
sists of several different ranges, and some of the rivers stream between them, others
cut through some of the secondary ranges nearest to the Tsangpo. The Trans-
himalaya, taken as an individual orographical system cannot be said to be cut through
by any other river than the Indus.

The following view is not correct, at least not in the sense as represented on the
frontispiece to Part I (Pl. XXV): »East of longitude 85° the Kailas range bifurcates, and

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