国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0303 |
Southern Tibet : vol.3 |
| 南チベット : vol.3 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
Regarding the combination Trans-Himalaya Cunningham is not the first to use
it. It had already been used by BERGHAUS in his Geographisches Memoir zur
Erklärung und Erläuterung der Spezial-Karte von Himalaya. ¹ Speaking of
Hearsay's survey of the regions within the Himalaya, he says its resemblance with
the survey which Webb carried out four years later of the same region is so great,
that »man allen Grund zu der Vermuthung hat, die Darstellung der Trans-Himalaya-
Gegenden sei eben so zuverlässig . . .» Thus the signification Trans-Himalaya for
the regions north of Himalaya was used in Germany more than 10 years before
the introduction of the name by Cunningham. The difference between him and
Berghaus is that the latter applies the name to the regions where it is at home and
where it has a raison d'être. But even Berghaus was not the first to introduce the
expression. He got it from English geographers and explorers. Already in 1820
it was used by J. B. FRASER who has the following passage: »In all the routes
of which we have accounts that proceed in various directions towards the Trans-
Himalayan countries, hills covered with snow are occasionally mentioned as occur-
ring, even after the great deserts are passed and the grazing country entered. The
breadth, then, of this crest of snow-clad rock itself cannot fairly be estimated at
less than from seventy to eighty miles.» ² The expression Trans-Himalaya may even
be said to have very old roots. Take Ptolemy's map (Vol. I, Pl. III), or take DIÉGO
RIBERO's map of 1529, where, across the upper parts of the Ganges-branches we
read: Scithia extra Imaũ mõte or Scythia beyond the Imaus mountains, which is in
reality the same as »Trans-Himalaya». Extra and intra are used instead of trans
and cis. Extra Imaum montem is equivalent to Transimaus or Transhimalaya, though
the first is applied to a region, the latter to a mountain system. The expression
used by geographers of the antiquity was, geographically, perfectly correct. The
case is the same with the expression Transhimalaya. ³
Elisée Reclus invented another Trans-Himalaya and places it as follows: ⁴ »Une
autre arête de croupes et de sommets, que l'on pourrait désigner par le nom de
'Trans-Himalaya', se développe entre les monts de Tsang ou Gang-dis-ri et les pics
étincelants de l'Himalaya et des deux côtés épanche des glaciers.» But this range,
with the water-parting, is also a part of Himalaya itself, whereas the word »Trans»
hopelessly separates it from the system to which it naturally belongs. So far as I
know the proposal was never successful. ⁵
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