国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

In the edition of 1875 (Pl. XXVIII), drawn by A. PETERMANN and completed
and corrected by E. DEBES and H. HABENICHT, there is much new detail, intro-
duced from the maps of the Pundits of Montgomerie. Especially the whole course
of »Tamdschan Khamba oder Jaru dzang bo» is given from Nain Sing's map, and
the Tengri-nor and N.E. branch of the Indus are also taken from the Pundits. Nien-
chen-tang-la is called Ningkorla Berg and the range west of it Tsang Gebirge as
already in Ritter's time. The range north of the lakes is called Tise Gangri.
Tarogh jumtso and its surroundings are as on d'Anvilles map. Am tsiogk mtso
and Dziru ju mtso are the same as in former editions. Nain Sing's Charta-tsangpo
is called Dschatak-tschu, which is more approaching the real pronunciation, Chaktak.
But the sources of this river are given as situated far to the north. In general our
regions of the interior of Tibet have not undergone any change at all from the
earliest editions of the map. A great improvement is the Kara-korum Gebirge, very
energetically marked and in it the Kara-korum Pass has got its real height 18 550
feet. As its continuation is regarded the now modified range of Chor, which is
called Lang bu ri. On both sides of it is a level plateau, covered with moving sands
as in Takla-makan and Kisil-kum. The four big lakes north of Tengri-nor, in the
existence of which even Richthofen believed, Buka-noor, Eldzighen-noor, Dzida-noor
and Chara-noor, are still to be found, as they were already in the edition of 1826
(Pl. X). On modern maps they have disappeared, although the hydrography of
this region is by no means yet cleared up. The Ike Namur and Bache Namur are
still as given by the Chinese. As compared with reality the representation of Kwen-
lun on the edition of 1875 is only an attempt and we still recognise the views of
Humboldt. For instance on 86° E. long. the mountain range is two degrees too
far south and at 90° there is hardly a vestige of Astin-tagh and all the other ranges
situated here. It was only one year later that Prshevalskiy by his memorable journey
to Lop-nor in these regions changed the map of Central Asia.
All this is improved in the edition of 1901 (Pl. XXIX), the improvements
being introduced by C. BARICH on Debes' and Habenicht's edition of Petermann's
map. On the plateauland we find only the routes of Nain Sing 1873—74 and
Bonvalot of 1889—90. There is a tendency to mark ranges starting from the
Kwen-lun towards the E.S.E. as on Dr WEGENER's hypothetical map. There is also
a tendency to draw the Tanla Gebirge towards the west so far as to 84° E. long.,
which proves a perfectly correct view of the arrangement of the great folds. Nain
Sing's central lakes appear and mark a valuable and most important addition to the
map of Tibet. His extraordinary belief that Garche thol drained, with Tong-tso and
Tashi-bup-tso, to the Chargut-tso is also marked, but the draughtsmen have, correctly,
not dared to follow the Pundit's lead in letting the Chargut-tso drain to the Nakehu
and to the ocean. We also find that the Pundit's river Dumphu and the other
emptying into the Kyaring-tso, have occupied the regions where the older editions
had the Botscha, or Tschaika tschu, a great and long river coming from the west