Southern Tibet : vol.3 / 340 ページ（カラー画像）

0340	Southern Tibet : vol.3
南チベット : vol.3

From only one crossing from Ngangtse-tso to Sela-la over this labyrinth of
low mountains it is impossible to get a clear idea of the orography. It is so much
the easier to understand the hydrography. For there is only one river system,
namely that of the Tagrak-tsangpo, receiving a great number of tributaries from
both sides, those from the left side being the greatest, depending on the fact that
the principal valley, Naong-Tagrak, runs to the N.W. Thus we have found, that
all brooks running north from the Pabla range join the Naong-tsangpo. Some of
them have the same name as the particular part of the Pabla, from where they
originate. For instance, the Bupchung comes from Bupchung-ri, and Bupchen from
Bupchen-ri. Both these, as well as Kelung-tsangpo and several others more or less
parallel to them are deep, narrow transverse valleys on the northern side of the
Pabla. The brook which starts from the very saddle of Sela-la receives many small
tributaries from a range on its right or northern side, which must be a ramification
from the principal range. The Serpo-tsungé also sends some furrows to it. To the
S.E. Sele-nang goes down and is soon joined by the Sangra-palhé, which is more
considerable.
From a hydrographical point of view the Pabla range is of great importance
as a boundary between the plateau land to the north, i. e. the land of the central
lakes without outlet to the sea, and, on the south, the drainage area of the Tsangpo.
The southern water-parting of the Ngangtse-tso is therefore at a great distance from
the lake, whereas the western, northern and eastern water-partings are very near the
lake. From this point of view the Ngangtse basin resembles the Selling-tso basin,
where the Sa-chu-tsangpo comes from far away and the rest of the water-parting is
quite close to the lake.
Other watercourses we have touched, the Titak, Chakti and Chapkar, are quite
insignificant, as compared with Tagrak-tsangpo. On five of our eight crossings we
shall find the same arrangement: a river originating from the Transhimalayan water-
parting and running north to a salt lake situated in the lake depression at the north-
ern foot of the system.
The climate in the mountains between Ngangtse-tso and Pabla is very raw,
cold and inhospitable in January; almost always wind and heavy clouds, but very
little snow. Only the heights round Sela-la were covered with patches of snow at
the end of January, but only in depressions and ravines had it accumulated more
considerably. It never caused any obstacles to traffic, and it hardly ever occurs that
the passes are closed by snow.
The mountains are rich in water, springs and brooks, which all remain hard
frozen during the winter. A traveller coming from Chang-tang will at once notice
the great difference in this respect; he has traversed a very dry country, where water
is often a great rarity and he enters a region, where brooks and springs are to be
found in every valley. At the end of January the ice of Tagrak-tsangpo was said
to remain 3 months more or to the end of April. The melting of the ice in spring

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