National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

ond it Tarchok-parva; to the south two isolated hills, the nearest Tibo-tevo, the
farthest Tasam-tevo, obviously passed by the high road; S.S.W. is Tarchok-tangbo;
S. 41° W. an isolated hill, Chosang-tevo; to the right of it two valleys descend
from the S.W., Chikelungi-teblung and Chikelung; to the N.W. is a mountainous
region called Kichen-talung-changri, and N. 54° W. Semo-tandung. Amongst these
mountains the Raga-tsangpo is formed by many tributaries.

Farther westwards the rise is very slow, over yellow earth with some grass
and moss, but finally the plain forms into a determined valley receiving some now
dry ravines from the partly snow-covered hills to the S.W. On the little pass, Ravak-
la, 5 227 m high, calcitic schist stands in living rock. From this pass which only
separates two branches of the upper Raga-tsangpo from each other, the following
names are pointed out: W.N.W. a region Kichung-sutuk; N. 48° W. the above-
mentioned dark massive, Kichen-talung-changri, and, east of it, the valley of Raga-
changshung with the northern source-branch of the Raga-tsangpo, which joins the
Raga-hloshung a little above Camp 160. The two branches are separated from
each other by rounded ridges of no great height, and, as far as can be made out,
the Raga-changshung flows south of the black rugged range which is the western
prolongation of the Nien-chen-tang-la, which we crossed in Sao-lungring-la, S.W.
of Amchok-tso. To the S.W. is the pass Kichung-la, from which a brook runs
down to Camp 163, 5 198 m high and called Kichung-sumno; to the N.E. are
visible some parts of the Lombo range, which has its highest part to N. 39° E.;
Tsopti is another part of it a little farther east, while still farther east the same range
is called Raga-tangbo-pu, with several rather sharp snowy peaks and sending down
to the Raga-tsangpo the northern tributaries we know from between Camps 160 and
159. To the N. 85° E. the valley of the Raga-tsangpo presents itself as a broad
and well defined depression between these mountains; those to the south of the river
are said to be called Taktse-jadang, and their culmination is seen to the S. 80° E.
The mountainous region south of Ravak-la is called Ravak-Chi-kelung, from which
two of the tributaries mentioned descend to Raga-hloshung.

From Camp 163 the Kichung-sumo is seen running N.N.E.; its valley is
rather deep, and, in its prolongation, the Lombo range lifts some of its black pyra-
midal peaks. This region is one of the most complicated in Southern Tibet. It is
easy to lay down and control everything in the immediate neighbourhood of the route,
but as to the orography and hydrography at some distance one has a feeling of
uncertainty. This is especially the case with the Lombo range. Only so much could
be made out from the route between Camps 163 and 164 that the northern branch
of Raga-tsangpo chiefly comes from the southern slopes of Lombo, and the south-
ern branch of Raga-tsangpo chiefly from the northern slopes of Chomo-uchong.

The road goes steep up the Kichung valley to S.W. The slopes are mostly
covered by detritus, dust and fine gravel of calcitic schist, here and there some grass
and moss appear; there was (May 23rd) still a good deal of snow, and the ground