National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

right slopes are dry, but also cut by deep furrows from the crest, which separates
the valley from its eastern neighbour, the Raga-tsangpo.
The rocks in which the Kanglung-shärki had cut its valley are sandstone; it
had now a partly ice-covered brook. Even above the right tributary Nilung-
kongma some tussock grass appears. At Lungle, Camp 164, the height is 5 251 m.
Here a comparatively large tributary, Tiblung-nakpo, in the background of which
some high snowy parts of Chomo-uchong appear, comes in from the south, between
3 m high terraces, and from the north Nilung-parva and Nilung-ongma, both small.
Below the little valley Tegung from the left side, where the rocks are sand-
stone, the valley becomes more narrow, deep and marked, and has a much more
accentuated, peripheric character than the Raga-tsangpo and its tributaries. From
the right side Ukchölung is a great, Yelung-kongma, Yelung-parva and Yelung-ongma
small tributaries. The bottom of the valley is nothing but gravel, tussock-grass, swamps,
ice-sheets, springs and more or less interrupted terraces 3 or 4 m high; the brook
has about half a cubic m of water, perfectly clear, from melting snow and springs.
Through the opening of the great tributary, Lombo-kanchen are to be seen the
snowy peaks of Chomo-uchong, and even a small glacier. Above this valley are
three smaller ones: Tsa-karpo-kablung, Tiblung-tinging and Ngo-taktak-lungchung.
Through the right tributary, Rungchung, small snow-covered peaks are visible to the
north, probably belonging to the Kanchung-gangri. Then follows from the left
the great valley Lombo-kanchung, coming from the same snow-massive as the
Lombo-kanchen. On the right side of the main valley the rocks are steep, on
the left the slopes are moderate and rounded; but above these hills rise rugged
rocks and finally snow- and ice-covered peaks. Only at the left side is the erosion
terrace developed, on the right the river sweeps direct along the rocks. Avara
is a valley from the left, and Tagelung another from the opposite side. At Yelung-
marvo the bottom of the valley is only some 50 m broad.
Finally the valley joins the Argäp-rong, which is the main valley and contains
more water; it comes from N. 23° E., and the joint valley continues to the S.S.W.;
therefore the road here turns in a right angle round the Chomo-uchong group,
which, consequently, always remains on our left. At the junction the rock is porphyry.
Kanglung-tsaka is a place where hot springs formerly existed, as can be seen from
the concretions of sand and lime below the erosion terrace; the springs were de-
stroyed not long ago, on an occasion when the river was much swollen.
The valley is narrow and the mountains on both sides steep and high; Tobo-
nakpo is a valley from the left through which the heights of Chomo-uchong again
appear to the S.E. The rock is here quartzite. At Pangsetak, Camp 165, the
height is 4 916 m, giving a fall of more than 600 m from Kanglung-la.
Below this point the erosion terraces are some 12 m high; Namchen and
Nakie-lung are tributaries, below which the main valley becomes very narrow and
wild; the mountains at the right side are steep, sometimes nearly perpendicular, as