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| 0599 |
Southern Tibet : vol.3 |
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OCR Text
regarded as a part of Rigi-changma. Marmik-gompa is in the district of Penye,
east of which are the districts of Gerke, Senkor and Gertse, — Gertse being the
one furthest east.
The principal districts I heard of as being parts of the province of Bongba
were: Changma, Chertam, Parma, Kyangrang, Kemar, Chushar, Paryang, Buptö,
Latö, Tsaruk, Kebyang, Laktsang, Tabie, Tarok, and Yeke. The name of the
province, Bongba, is always put before the name of the district, thus, for instance,
Bongba-changma, or the northern Bongba.
A real net of roads crosses the province of Bongba in all directions. There
are the roads used by the nomads on their yearly wanderings; the salt road, tsa-
lam, used by the salt caravans, nearly always sheep, more seldom yaks, which radiate
from Tabie-tsaka to the S.W., south and S.E. Then there are pilgrims' roads which
more or less coincide with the others; further, the paths over difficult passes and
arid places which are only used by robbers; finally the ser-lam or gold road,
taken by the gold inspectors on their way from Lhasa to Tok-jalung. They travel
viâ Guring-la, Shansa-dsong, south of Dangra-yum-tso, north of Teri-nam-tso, pass
by Mendong-gompa, — thus not crossing the Soma-tsangpo, — further westwards
over the Gaktsang-la, between Tarok-tso and Tabie-tsaka, over Ka-la to Selipuk,
Rabdo-karpo, Yumba-matsen and Tok-jalung. From Tok they return viâ Lungchen,
Nagra-migchen, Chu-gong, Dotsa, Jukti-la, Gartok, Parka, Tokchen and "further
east" on the tasam or great post road. Another informant described the serpun-
lam by the following names: Naktsang, Chokchu, Bongba-changma, Puru-namgong,
Chu-naking, Ka-la, Nurkyu, Shovo-nyartsa, Rigi-changma, Raptu-garchung, Yumba-
matsen and Tok-jalung, which for the greatest part of its length coincides with
the first-mentioned road. This informant, however, asserted that the Serpuns trav-
elled north of Tabie-tsaka, which seems more likely. Ka-la is said to be the only
real pass on the road. It seems as if the Serpuns sometimes returned viâ Selipuk
and Naktsong to Lhasa. Probably there are no absolute rules in this respect. But
every nomad, even every child in the Central Transhimalaya, speaks of the
serpun-lam or ser-lam. To get reliable information about the course of this road
is not easy. Sometimes the road north of these mountains is called chang-lam, and
the road along the Tsangpo hlo-lam, the northern and southern road.
A short distance east of Camp 417 my route enters an important road from
Raga-tasam to Tabie-tsaka, crossing the Tsalam-nakta-la. It is chiefly used by salt
caravans and joins a road from the province of Naktsang.
From Saglam, near Camp 418, a road proceeds to Dicha-la and Lapchung.
From Camp 425, S.W. of Lunkar-la, there is said to be a road to Shamsang
viâ Ngalep, Töcha, Teblung, Karpo, Men-la-larting, Men-la-larting-do, Takdep,
Hlalungla, Ronggyü-do-la, and Shamsang, in all, 10 days. From the same camp
a road goes viâ Sang-gü, Sholo, Chuntso-lombo, Temduk, Gangchung, Yakche to
Tuksum.
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