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| 0040 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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10
valleys are extremely rare in the self-contained basins of the interior of Tibet. At
one place we have the brook just below our feet, at another we climb a steep slope
to the top of the third terrace, and then go down to the second one. At the right
side there are now five terraces, very well developed and clearly visible the whole
way down. At the junction with the right tributary, *Lungnak*, the height is 4,747 m.,
and in the background of this valley snow-covered mountains are seen, though lower
than hitherto. To the N. 5° W. the view is magnificent. Above and beyond the
red mountains on the right side of the *Chang-chenmo* River a dark, nearly black,
mighty range is visible dominating everything around. In spite of its apparent
height, and obviously on account of its facing towards the south, it is nearly free
from snow excepting a rounded peak which is partly white. This peak was said to
be situated in the neighbourhood of the pass *Chang-lung-barma*, a short distance to
the west of our consequent route to *Chang-lung-yogma*. Seen from this point, the
chain gives the impression of being very compact and of great length. Both the
last-mentioned passes are situated in that range, which is the water-parting *Kara-
korum* Range. A line joining the *Kara-korum* Pass with the *Chang-lung-yogma* becomes
parallel to the high *Kara-korum* Range with the most elevated K-peaks and the world
of famous glaciers as well as with the *Western Himalayas*. We will later on have
to return to this most interesting orographic problem, certainly one of the most
gigantic on the earth's surface.
From *Lungnak* our road continues northwards on the top of the middle terrace.
The terraces are a very characteristic feature of the valley. At a passage of solid
rock, as usual consisting of reddish gneiss-granite, the road is on a gravel bank
which divides the brook into two branches. At the other end of the passage there
are a few stone huts, and the place is called *Tak-dao* (not Yak-dao as on the map).
Here a large tributary valley enters from the left, coming from the S. 62° W., where,
in the background, snow-covered mountains are to be seen. Those mountains also
are no doubt part of the range we crossed in *Marsimik-la*. The name of this valley
is *Manlung*. It had a considerable rivulet with very muddy water. The road crosses
the rivulet, and then follows the left bank of the joint river, with a very mighty
perpendicular erosion terrace of gravel and shingle immediately to the left. A little
farther on the river is crossed and the road goes up on the top of the right terrace.
Bushes and other vegetation is now to be seen, and to the west mighty snowy
mountains and peaks, bounding the *Chang-chenmo* valley, appear. Crossing the last
foot hills to the right we finally enter the *Chang-chenmo* valley which seems to open
the landscape, and allows more distant views up and down this great tributary of
the *Indus* System. Here the camp was pitched in the midst of a belt of vegetation.
From the camp at *Pamsal*, I took a panorama of photographic plates, and
from the same place I sketched a panorama around the whole horizon, 7A and 7B,
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736
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746
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