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| 0042 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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OCR Text
12
passing *Kyam, Ningri, Gapsang, Salung, Lung-ngun, Kungma*, and the pass. At all
these places excepting the pass itself, there is some grazing. From the pass they reckoned
seven days to *Arport-tso*. The brook coming down from *Chang-lung-barma* joins
the one from *Chang-lung-yogma*, and the joint brook is a left tributary to the *Kograng-
sanspo*, which, coming from high regions of the *Kara-korum* Mountains, flows from
the N. W. to the S. E., and afterwards makes a very sharp bend to the south and
west, continuing past *Pamsal* to *Shayok*. The brook from *Lanek-la* is a left tributary
to the *Kograng-sanspo*. *Tsoksalu* is another name for the place of our camp; *Pamsal*
may properly be the name of the grazing-ground near the junction of the brook
from *Spanglung*.
During a day's rest at *Pamsal* the wind came from the west, but turned at
9 o'clock p. m. when it came from the east. At this place a traveller bound for
Tibet sees for the last time for several months a real river, bush vegetation and
enjoys warm, comparatively dense air. The desolate country of the high plateaux,
and the hard, inhospitable climate is awaiting him.
From *Pamsal* to *Gogra* is a distance of 17.8 km. which was accomplished on
*August 28th*. More than half of this road follows the *Chang-chenmo* River to the
E. N. E. Then it crosses the pass, *Mankook-la*, 4,839 m. high, or a rise of 310 m.
in a distance of 13 km., or 1 : 40.6. From this pass one has 4.8 km. down to the
*Kograng-sanspo* (the Ladakis pronounce tsangpo like sanspo) where the altitude is
4,740 m., meaning a fall of 99 m. or 1 : 48.5. From the pass the direction becomes
north and N. W.
From *Pamsal* the road follows the bank of the river on the lowest erosion
terrace, and is very comfortable. The bottom of the *Chang-chenmo* valley has a
gentle rise to the east. *Lanek-la*, being at a distance of 85 km. is 5,486 m. high,
or 957 m. higher than our camp at *Pamsal*, which gives a gradual rise of 1 : 89.
To the naked eye it seems nearly level. The whole bottom of the valley is covered
with grey gravel of gneiss-granite chiefly, amongst which the river winds in some
large and several small branches. The water is just as grey as the stony landscape
around. The whole way the river forms rapids, and there are no quiet stretches
where the river flows without noise in one bed. At the left side of the valley there
are now two terraces visible, the upper about 50, the lower about 10 m. above the
bottom of the valley. On the right side one discerns four terraces, the lowest and
most recent one being only 2 or 3 m. high. The country is absolutely lifeless,
containing no animals, neither wild nor tame and no signs of men. The road is,
however, quite visible. At our place it goes, for a short distance, like a cornice, but
then again sticks to the 10 m. terrace. Sometimes we have the 50 m. terrace close
at our right hand; it looks very mighty, like walls of fortresses, but is at many
places cut through by the brooks of tributary valleys.
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707
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736
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746
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