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| 0060 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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22
on account of the condensation of the monsoon clouds. The valleys on the S. W.
side are also, as we have seen, cut very deep. The erosive activity has been much
greater in them than in those on the N. E. side. Or in other words, the relative
differences of altitude are much greater on the S. W. than on the N. E. side. The
small transverse valleys which go down at the N. E. side have a very gradual fall
towards the centre of a self-contained basin on the high plateau-land. The amount
of water flowing down through them is not great. The relative difference of alti-
tude between the crest of the *Kara-korum* Range and the general surface of the
plateau-land, is very small, as may be seen from the first marches to the N. E. from
*Chang-lung-yogma*. Seen from the plateau-land the water-parting *Kara-korum* Range
may rather be called a slightly elevated edge of the plateau-land itself, and by no
means as a considerable mountain range forming its boundary to the S. W. On
the S. W. slopes of the range, on the other hand, even the small valleys develop
a respectable amount of erosive energy. Their gradients are much steeper, they
receive the greater part of the precipitation, and they cut down their furrows to a
greater depth. Therefore, the water-parting range of the *Kara-korum* appears from
the S. W., as we saw in the *Spanglung* valley, as a considerable and bulky moun-
tain range, though without any high, snow-covered peaks which could at all be com-
pared with the giants situated on the second, or highest *Kara-korum* Range, which
is to be found on the S. W. side of the water-parting line.
What I have discussed here are general rules derived from the observations
made during my crossing over the *Chang-lung-yogma* Pass. The same observations
could be made during my second crossing, over the *Dapsang*, nearly 1½ year
later. To a certain extent they may again be made on the *Kara-korum* Pass, though
there the morphology is somewhat different. This is nearly all that can be said
with any degree of certainty. And how very little is it not when compared with
the enormous extent of the water-parting *Kara-korum* Range! Honestly we may say
that we know only perhaps a dozen points on the water-parting line itself! We,
therefore, have only a very slight and vague idea of its situation, and if we try to
make a map of it, most will have to be drawn by interpolation and consist of mere
guesswork. If so little hitherto has been conquered, it is easy to understand that
there is work enough to be done in the future. Hundreds of thousands of small
valleys take their rise from the range. A minimal number of them is known.
And there are many great valleys which have not yet been visited and, much
less, mapped.
From my standpoint above the pass, lines of mud-flow could again be seen
in the soft, wet material on the slopes. Only about one fifth of the area of the
ground near the pass was still snow-covered. The panoramic view from the pass
itself was far less dominating than the one I had sketched.
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736
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746
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756
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