National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
|
|
Color Thumbnail -
Table of Contents -
Page Number -
Biliographic Information (Metadata) -
Caption -
Color Image -
Gray HighRes. Image -
Facing Pages -
Graphics -
| 0110 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
50
sand and clay. From the landing place we had to go 3.7 km. N. N. E. to *Camp XVII.*
The caravan had in the meantime made a very long march along the northern
shore, where M. A. Stein had gone. The men said they had rounded an irregular
bay to the north. From *Camp XVII* a short panorama was taken the next morning,
No. 33, Tab. 6. The peak here visible to the S. 19° W. is the same as the one
visible to the S. 69° E. from *Camp XVI* (Pan. 32A). It had also been in sight
during the whole trip eastwards.
During the next day's march, on *September 22nd*, we left the basin of *Lake
Lighten* and entered the basin of *Yeshil-köl*. The transverse boundary threshold is
here twice as far from the shore as in the west, but still comparatively near the
lake. The march to *Camp XVIII* was 13.7 km. in length to the S. E. and E. S. E.
From *Camp XVII*, which was situated very near the lake and about 5 m. above it,
we had 12 km. to the threshold, giving a rise of 201 m. or as 1:60, as the height
of the threshold is 5,301 m. From the threshold it is 1.7 km. down to *Camp XVIII*,
which was at 5,168 m. or 133 m. below the threshold. The rate of the slope is,
therefore, here as 1:13, which may be said to be unusually steep.
There is a belt of light greyish clay along the eastern shore, only a few
meters above the surface of the lake and including the terrace which corresponded
to similar formations at other parts of the shore. But here, in the east, where the
shore is more particularly exposed to the prevailing winds, wind and water had
modelled out a curious relief in the clay ground, reminding one of the so called
*yardangs* in the desert of *Lop*. It was a labyrinth of cones, walls, tables, and
between them, furrows in these layers deposited in the lake at a time when it stood
a few meters higher than now. Amongst and even beyond this belt of clay there
were a few small and narrow ribbons of black, rotten lacustrine plants. Such had
also been seen under the present water surface near *Camp XVI*. They seem to
indicate that the lake has been perfectly fresh not very long ago. If this has been
the case at only a 5 or 6 m. higher level, the lake must have had a subterranean
outlet to the west or east, more probably to *Lake Yeshil-köl*, which now is 150 m.
below *Lake Lighten*. If the surface of the lake by its sinking reaches some imper-
meable strata, the outflow will be cut off and the water becomes brackish and salt.
*Lake Lighten* seems to be in a state of development of this kind, though it may
be that its vegetation to a certain extent still is alive. Inside the clay belt at
*Camp XVII*, the ground was partly swampy, probably the remains of old lagoons.
Marching along the southern base of a small mountain range, we slowly ascend
the valley coming from the eastern threshold. In its centre there is a brook receiving
very small tributaries from both sides, but now not growing sufficiently large to be
able to reach the lake. The bottom of the broad valley has a good deal of grass
and yapkak plants. *Pantholops* antelopes were numerous, and dung of wild yak
1
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
16
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
29
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
43
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
57
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
68
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
81
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
92
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
107
109
110
111
112
|
.
.
.
.
119
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
131
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
144
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
162
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
177
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
190
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
205
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
219
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
230
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
241
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
253
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
266
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
279
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
291
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
302
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
315
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
327
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
339
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
354
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
366
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
379
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
393
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
404
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
416
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
429
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
441
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
453
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
464
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
474
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
484
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
495
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
505
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
519
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
529
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
541
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
552
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
568
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
583
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
600
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
615
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
629
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
643
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
654
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
665
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
677
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
692
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
707
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
725
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
736
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
746
.
.
.
756
Copyright (C) 2003-2026
National Institute of Informatics
and
The Toyo Bunko. All Rights Reserved.
