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| 0113 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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landed there was a curious series of blocks, lying on a bank of gravel and directed
to the S. 42° E., being partly above the present water level. At 3 o'clock p. m. the
water had a temperature of 11.1°. No sign of life was seen in the lake. The
shore was absolutely barren, and partly white with salt. Several terraces are seen,
proving a rather rapid rate of desiccation. Only the slopes of some hills were yellow
with sparse grass.
The second line across the lake to the S. E. gave the soundings 10, 11, 10, 8 and
6 m., and a few minutes afterwards only half a meter. The southern shore proved
to consist of salt crusts, with small lagoons and channels between comparatively dry
patches, the whole being more like a salt swamp stretching about 1 km. inland. At
many points the water bubbled, probably from springs. In this salt swamp the night
was passed, at Camp XX. Next morning we were only 2.6 km. from Camp XXI,
Deasy's springs, where the caravan had arrived in the meantime. They had had a
very difficult task in rounding the southern side of the lake. Here a comparatively
large brook had to be crossed, and the ground at its sides was so soft, that the
animals sank deep into it. After much searching they had found a place, where the
loads could be carried over by men, and the ponies and mules brought over. This
report seems to agree with the fact that no European traveller has followed the
southern shore. The brook is probably the same which, coming from the W. S. W.,
has been surveyed by Carey, de Rhins and Zugmayer, which, on their maps, is
called Tang-marbo and Yeshil-su. Nearly the whole of its course seems to be
swampy, and it does not flow into the lake itself, but into the salt swamps at its
S. W. side. Farther east there is another brook coming from the S. W. from the
mountains N. E. of Arport-tso and surveyed by Deasy. It reaches the salt swamp
somewhere west of Camp XX.
A little knoll of solid rock near Camp XXI consisted of dark grey fine-grained
or dense limestone. On the slopes of a mountain standing S. S. E. of the camp
sharply drawn old beach-lines could be traced at a height of some 70 m. above the
present lake, which, therefore, must have been at least three or four times more
extended than now. These beach-lines will be seen on the hills to the S. 35° E.
and S. 15° E., Pan. 36A and 36B, Tab. 7. On the same panorama it will be seen
that the mountains south and S. S. W. of Camp XXI are receding at a considerable
distance from the lake, a gradually sloping plain extending between them. To
the N. W., north and N. N. E. are seen the mountains north of the lake, some
of them, particularly to the north and N. N. E., being rather high and covered with
eternal snow.
On September 26th the march is 16.2 km. E. S. E. and N. E. to Camp XXII
where the absolute height is 5,040 m. or 85 m. above Camp XXI. The ascent is,
therefore, very gradual or as 1:191. To the north of our course is a salt pool
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43
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339
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366
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379
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393
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404
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416
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429
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441
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453
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464
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474
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484
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495
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505
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519
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529
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541
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552
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568
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583
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600
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615
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629
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643
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654
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665
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677
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692
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707
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725
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736
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746
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756
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