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| 0125 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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our sight during the day's march. From the hills to the right several dry water-
courses go down to the main brook. The grass is abundant and gives the whole
bottom of the valley a bright yellow appearance. *Camp XXX* was pitched on the
right erosion terrace of the main brook. The terrace was a little more than 1 m.
high. At its base in the bed four springs came up, three of them frozen, the fourth
forming a partly frozen pool of excellent water. The camp could be said to be
unusually favourable for being in the north of Tibet. On both sides are very low
rounded hills of detritus hiding a distant view all around. A panorama drawn
from such a place would only have represented a waving line without interest.
On *October 5th* our direction continues E. N. E. to *Camp XXXI*, where the
height is 4,939 m. The distance is 14.3 km. and the fall 85 m. or as 1:168. Some-
where in the vicinity of *Camp XXVIII* we had passed the flat threshold between
the last lake and the basin in which we now were moving for three days. As
before it would have been impossible to judge with the naked eye in what direction
the valley sloped. Sometimes, by an optical illusion, it even seemed to rise to
the east.
Leaving the camp we stick for half an hour to the bottom of the watercourse
where the ground is hard and level as a street. The bed is very broad, and it
took nearly a quarter of an hour to cross it. It is here not sharply bounded. In
the bed there are several patches of grass, like islands, among sand and gravel. The
bed is moist at some places. The subsoil water is very near. A little pool contained
fresh water.
There is no more grass in the middle of the valley, but only the hard, dry
plants called *yer-baghri* and yapkak. But at the base of the hills at both sides the
ground is yellow with grass. These hills are very insignificant, but high enough to
conceal the more distant landscape. Everything, therefore, seems extremely flat,
especially as the higher mountains often are hidden by clouds. Farther on, however,
the northern snow-group again comes in sight. It is a mighty black range
covered with snow-fields and small glaciers. The main watercourse now remains on
our left for a long while. Where we reach it again, some pools of fresh water
stood in the bed, one of them even 50 m. long and 2 m. broad. Later on, at
*Camp XXXI*, fresh water was obtained by digging in the bed, the bottom of which
was here only 70 cm. below the general level of the ground. Here the temperature
at the surface of the bed was + 0.1°, 20 cm. deep + 0.2° and 46 cm. deep 4°, where
the surface of the subsoil water stood.
Seeing that the snowy range to the north very soon would become hidden
by the flat undulations of the ground and by small hills, I made a panoramic sketch
of it from a point 2 km. S. 70° W. from *Camp XXXI*, Pan. 48, Tab. 8. To the
N. 86° W., N. 57° W. and N. 47° W. very considerable peaks of this range were
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665
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677
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692
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707
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725
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736
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746
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756
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