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| 0331 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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Pan. 116A and 116B, Tab. 21, is taken from *Camp C*. It shows two open gaps to the N. 71° E. and S. 82° E. situated at the two sides of an isolated mountain group. Through the northern one, Nain Sing has travelled. The southern one, where no kind of mountains are seen, goes in a straight line across *Marchar-tso*. To the S. 61° E., is a flat pyramidal peak south of *Camp XCIX* (*Cf.* photo). Between S. W. and S. S. W. is the end of the western part of the lake. To the N. 70° and 72° W. are two peaks called *Tsagi*. To the N. W. and north are considerable mountains belonging to the groups *Takta-tomsing* or *Kangdigar*, *Logun-napta* or *Kelam*, and perhaps partly to the range of *Lamlung-la* and *Gurtse-la*. The very distant mountain visible to the S. 53° W., is certainly the northern-most part of *Targo-gangri*.
It is interesting to examine Nain Sing's map. His topography of the lake and its surroundings is not at all bad, though of course it has to be corrected in several details. The northern mountains, he places some 15 miles back from the lake, which is thrice too much, and only proves how difficult it is to estimate distances.
The third line across the lake, accomplished on *January 1st*, 1907, took us 11.7 km. S. 19° E. in the direction of a black slope between two valleys, containing ice. The slope seemed to fall directly down to the lake, but we found that it was separated from it by a plain nearly 2 km. broad. The ice was good and favourable. Some crevasses of different breadth were crossed. They usually were stretching N. W.—S. E. In the same direction lay the stripes of salt, like a fine white powder, on the surface of the ice. Sometimes the latter is granulated or in the form of waves with the lee side to the N. 60° E., all depending on the prevailing S. W. and W. S. W. wind. To our left we had the mountain group, which fills out the broad and blunt peninsula which gives the southern shore its convex form to the north. The temperature of the night had been down to —26.2°. The depths and the thickness of ice measured were:
1 : 5.74 m. and 17.0 cm. 4 : 5.63 m. and 25.0 cm.
2 : 9.40 » » 18.5 » 5 : 4.19 » » 27.0 »
3 : 7.84 » » 21.5 » 6 : 2.22 » » 44.0 »
As above, we always find a certain relation between the depth and the thickness of the ice, the latter being thicker where the lake is shallow. The shore at *Camp CI* is nearly horizontal and only a few inches above the lake. A disagreeable smell from rotten algae is noticed along the shore. There was also animal life in the lake, namely, the small crustacean I had found in other Tibetan lakes, and which has been described by Professor W. Leche in Vol. VI, Part. 1 of my *Scientific Results of 1899—1902*. On the plains, kyangs were seen in several herds. Farther south herds of antelopes were seen and on the steppe, two foxes. On the hills east of our camp, tame yaks were grazing, and in the evening, a Tibetan came to drive them down in a valley where a tent obviously was hidden.
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