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| 0380 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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and small blocks of granite. A new series of *manis* is passed before we reach the
swamp and grazing ground of *Dung-lung*.
On *November 22nd* our road turns a little N. N. W. The distance to *Chushul*
is 33.5 km. From *Dung-lung, Camp CCLXV*, 4,449 m high, we have 4.2 km. to
the pass, *Tsake-la*, 4,653 m. high, the rate of the ascent being as 1:20.6. *Chushul,
Camp CCLXVI*, is at 4,359 m., or 294 m. below the pass; the rate of the descent is
here as 1:100. With swampy ground, some vegetation and a *mani* wall to our left, we
follow the comfortable path along the erosion furrow from the pass, and reach the flat
and easy *Tsake-la*, adorned with a cairn, poles and rags. It affords an easy passage
from the *Indus* to the *Panggong-tso*. The view is not imposing. The valley on
the N. W. side is broad and open and runs in a nearly straight line to *Chushul*
and *Panggong-tso*. In its background the snowy mass is always visible. It is the
mighty range on the S. W. shore of *Panggong-tso*. The mountains on the northern
shore of the same lake rise to the right and a little farther away than the first-
mentioned group. On the pass we had a fresh S. E. wind and a temperature of
—4.5°, after —10.3° in the night. Later on we had a N. N. W. wind, increasing
towards evening.
From the pass we go slowly down along the base of the left mountains, where
there are large numbers of springs, stone walls, grass and bushes in stripes. From
the left side a series of tributary valleys enter, among others *Chushag-kongma,
Chushag-yogma* and *Lungun*. The range to our right is low, and has only very
small valleys. One of them has a road leading to *Rudok*. *Argha* is a valley from
the left. Here is the *mani* cairn *Arge-lato* with heaps of horns, poles and rags.
The rock consists of grey, porphyric quartz-biotite-diorite. The floor of the valley is
very even and hard and, nearly everywhere, barren. Only occasionally there are
small patches of vegetation. The road generally runs in the middle of the valley.
The last part of it runs along the left mountains. *Boptsang* is a tributary valley
from the left. The main erosion bed of the principal valley sticks to its right
side. *Morghu-naga* is a broad valley to the right, in which there is a road to
*Pangur-tso*. *Rallamor* is a valley from the left. Riding along the base of the
hills, we have the wide, yellow plain to our right, with extensive ice-sheets here
and there.
At *Chushul* a little brook joins the main watercourse of the valley and goes
with it to the *Panggong-tso*. The mountains to the north of the lake are visible.
Near *Chushul* we had passed four large *mani* walls indicating the two *gompas* of
the village, one of them old and situated at the foot of a hill, the other new and
built on the top of the hill. The village has 25 small houses, barley fields and some
trees. At *Chushul* the climate is much milder than in the *Indus* Valley and the
other places we had left behind.
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692
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707
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725
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736
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746
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756
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