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| 0384 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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their peaks covered with some snow. The terraces of the principal bed are 3 m.
high. At the side valleys *Parma* and *Datt*, the main valley opens like a little plain
and the fall becomes very gradual. The soil is swampy and there is some grass.
Several *manis* and *chortens* are built here and at other places along the road. Near
the valley of *Dungting* to the right, a tent is passed. The valley then again be-
comes narrow. The road here follows the erosion bed at the base of its right
terrace. Opposite the large valley, *Lalung*, on the left, the bed is crossed on its
ice, the water being only one foot deep. A ruined bridge has been built across
the *Lalung*, showing that it may carry much water in the summer. *Kongchu* or
*Kongyu* is the name of a nice *hla* or cairn with streamers and horns.
From the left enter the extensive valleys, *Solung* and *Gorlung*, from the right,
*Lungser*. The main valley is again broad and open, and the road runs along the
left bank of its watercourse. Just below the mouth of the *Gorlung* valley, there is
a little village of two or three huts. The rocks to the right side of the valley con-
sist of very weathered porphyritic specimens, those to the left of dark hypersthen-
augite-diorite. Near the base of the mountains on the left side, is a shallow pool,
called *Salsal-tso*, formed chiefly by an abundant spring of +5.2° temperature; only
its western part was frozen. A short distance beyond it, we had our *Camp CCLXVIII*,
*Sara* or *Lung-yogma*, where the large valley of *Belmik* enters from the left. Two
*Rudok* caravans had been met in the course of the day.
On *November 26th*, we made 22 km. N. W. and north to *Tankse*, descending
from 4,411 m. to 3,990 m. or 421 m. which gives a rate of 1:52. The road leads
across a little secondary threshold, 4,578 m. high, at the right side of which the
brook has a deep-cut bed, like a gorge deep below our feet, when standing at the
cairn of the threshold. Beyond the right tributary, *Amsit-lang po*, the road follows
the detritus scree of the left side of the valley with a very steep slope. Here we
are 100 or 150 m. above the bottom of the valley where the ice ribbon of the river
winds, only occasionally with some open water in the middle. After a while the
road again leaves the river at some distance to the right and descends between hills
of detritus and blocks. The landscape is wild and picturesque. One has a strong
feeling of having entered the peripheric regions with outlet to the ocean, the boun-
dary being the *Kongta-la*. Here the morphology is wild and accentuated, not uniform
and monotonous as on the *Chang-tang* or even in the upper valley of the *Indus*
which, in spite of being peripheric, still keeps the features characteristic to the regions
without outlet to the ocean.
At the village, *Herat*, with a few stone huts, walls, *manis*, *chortens* and fields,
the road crosses the valley to its right side. At *Chilam*, a village, the brook is
crossed on a poor bridge. The terraces are some 20 m. high on the sides of the
principal brook and in the tributary valleys. *Skamlung*, *Shâtchu-kul* and *Taruk*
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453
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464
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541
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552
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568
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583
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600
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615
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629
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643
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654
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665
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677
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692
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707
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725
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736
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746
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756
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