National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
|
|
Color Thumbnail -
Table of Contents -
Page Number -
Biliographic Information (Metadata) -
Caption -
Color Image -
Gray HighRes. Image -
Facing Pages -
Graphics -
| 0432 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
highest parts of the country, we had had snow, which was in accordance with our
experiences from the winter of 1906—1907. On both sides of it, there was very
little snow or none at all. At 3 o'clock p. m. it began to snow again.
On February 1st, we marched 16.7 km. S. S. E. and S. S. W. to Camp CCCXIX,
where the height was 5,002 m. or 247 m. below Camp CCCXVIII, being a fall
of 1:68. The temperature of the night was only down at —18.2°, but it snowed
continually and the sky was over-clouded. In the morning the clouds were so thick
that it was quite dark, and it snowed continually nearly the whole day. The wind
was very strong, but now came from the S. S. E. The snow was deep again, some-
times two feet, and the surroundings of the lake, which the day before had appeared
dark and bare, were now quite white. Enormous quantities of atmospheric moisture
are driven by the S. W. winds, in the form of heavy, compact clouds from the Indian
seas across high Tibet. The precipitation no doubt decreases from west to east and
from south to north. The highest parts of the country catch the greatest amount of
precipitation, as we have found.
It would be easy to draw a map of the snowfall in Tibet, founded upon the
experiences I have had. Very little material for such a map would be obtained
from the observations of other travellers, as hardly anybody has chosen such a
disadvantageous season for his journey as I. It is, however, of great interest to
study the winter climate also, of such an inaccessible country as this. In spite of
the abundant snowfall we had witnessed ever since the region west of Arport-tso,
the amount of snow is never sufficient for accumulating and forming névés and
glaciers, as would be the case under other conditions. This is due to the dryness
of the atmosphere and the very strong evaporation. Only on the highest mountains,
the snow is eternal. The rest evaporates and disappears early in the spring, without
even forming floods in the beds and erosion furrows of the valleys. It is very
likely that the greater part of the snow-sheet covering the country between Arport-tso
and Shemen-tso, never gets an opportunity to melt and to flow down to the lakes
in the form of water. Before the temperature of the spring has become high enough
to melt the snow, the snow-sheet will already have disappeared by evaporation. An
exception from this rule will probably only be found in the very highest regions,
though even there, as for instance on the Chomo-uchong, the melting will proceed
so slowly and gradually, that it will never give rise to any large volume of water
in the brooks.
Our valley becomes broader and soon opens out to the extensive plain of the
lake, where we follow broad and shallow beds going down to the N. W. shore of
the Shemen-tso. The usual hard and dry vegetation of the highland steppes, is
growing here in belts and ribbons between these broad watercourses. We steered
towards the first promontory on the northern shore, but as the country thereabout
1
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
16
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
29
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
43
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
57
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
68
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
81
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
92
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
107
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
119
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
131
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
144
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
162
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
177
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
190
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
205
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
219
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
230
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
241
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
253
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
266
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
279
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
291
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
302
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
315
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
327
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
339
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
354
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
366
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
379
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
393
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
404
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
416
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
429
430
431
432
433
435
.
.
.
.
441
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
453
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
464
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
474
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
484
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
495
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
505
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
519
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
529
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
541
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
552
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
568
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
583
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
600
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
615
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
629
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
643
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
654
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
665
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
677
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
692
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
707
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
725
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
736
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
746
.
.
.
756
Copyright (C) 2003-2026
National Institute of Informatics
and
The Toyo Bunko. All Rights Reserved.
