Southern Tibet : vol.4 / Page 512 (Color Image)

0512	Southern Tibet : vol.4

*Pachen* and *Pachung*, enter the lagoon from the north, and their water leaves it to
the south and forms an affluent to the *Manasarovar*. The joint river now had, at
the place where we crossed it, a breadth of exactly 100 m., an average depth of
0.15 m. and an average velocity of 0.35 m. The volume of water amounted to
5.25 cub. m. per second. The water was nearly clear, the bed consisted of sand and
silt, partly very soft, as the animals sank deep into it.

We then followed the narrow neck of land between the lake and the lagoon.
It is a terrace with slopes on both sides. Along the very edge of the lake, there
is a series of very small lagoons which will be inundated during years with an out-
flow to *Rakas-tal*. *Mount Pundi* was in sight the whole day, *Gurla-mandata*
was hidden by clouds, and *Kailas* got rid of its clouds towards evening. *Camp
CCCCLIII* was pitched on the left bank of the little river *Gyuma-chu*, on the right
side of which the monastery of *Langbo-nan-gompa* was situated. At our camp the
little river was now 12.41 m. broad, its average depth being 0.39 m., and its average
velocity 0.83 m., the volume of water was 4.014 cub. m. per second.

On *July 26th*, we travelled along the shore to *Chiu-gompa*, passing *Chärgip-
gompa* on the way. It was the same road as in 1907 (*Cp.* Pl. 12). The next day
we continued N. W. at some distance north of the bed, from *Manasarovar* to *Rakas-tal*
and near the latter lake, entered ground that was new to me. It was slightly undulated,
partly barren but north of the lake very rich in excellent grass, where the inhabitants
of *Parka* use to have their flocks in winter. *Mount Kailas* seemed to be a little
more snow-covered than the previous year.

On *July 28th*, we continued across the grass steppe, crossing the river which
comes down from the *Kailas* and surrounding mountains. A Tibetan called it *Toun-
hle-hlachu*, which, however, seems doubtful. It is obviously formed by the two rivers
which come down on each side of the *Kailas*, the eastern being called *Dopchen-
chu*, the western, *Hlachu-chu*. According to Ryder's map, Sheet No. 14 S. W., two
rivers from the mountains to the N. N. E., join just a little above *Parka*. These
two rivers are obviously identical with the two I surveyed on the *Kailas*. It enters
the *Rakas-tal* at about the middle of its northern shore. I made an approximate
calculation of its volume of water, the breadth being 125 m., the average depth
0.3 m. and the average velocity 0.4 m. The volume would thus be about 15 cub. m.
per second, which may be considered as a large affluence. Another much smaller
affluent from the north, which also is to be found on Ryder's map, may come from
*Khaleb*. This, however, I cannot make out, as I have not followed the course of
these rivers up to the mountains north of the lake, from which they come. On
Pl. 12 it will be seen that I, in 1907, crossed the same river higher up and west
of *Parka*. On my way from *Parka* to *Khaleb*, I crossed two watercourses, *Sung-
chu* and *Lashu (Hlachu ?)* which seem to correspond to the two rivers on each

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National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

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National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books