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| 0520 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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the bottom of the valley, there is often excellent grass. Hares are the only animals
we see. For a short distance, the road goes on the top of the lowest terrace where
the ground is gravel. On the left side, is a red hill called *Mapcha-tibu*, in the
vicinity of which, a little lake or pool is said to exist. Having passed two empty
shepherds' camps, we again go down from the terrace. A little farther on, we camp
at a place where the *Satlej* is divided into two branches, and the region is called
*Tertapuri-shung*. ¹ Opposite this place, a left tributary valley called *Tara-kungyok*,
enters the *Satlej*. *Yitum* and *Karpo-ninde* are said to be regions to the S. W.
At our camp, an abundant spring of limpid water came up from several openings
on the right bank and carried perhaps ⅔ cub. m. per second. Its temperature was 11.55°,
whereas the river, above the spring, was 16.25°.
On *August 1st*, we travelled 12 km. N. W. and W. N. W. on the right or
northern side of the *Satlej*, the ground falling 87 m. or to 4,345 m. at *Camp CCCCLN*,
being at a rate of 1:138. It rained hard the whole night; in the morning, there
was no precipitation; before 10 o'clock a. m., it begain again and continued except for
one hour; from 1 to 3 o'clock p. m. it rained very hard. I got a good illustration of the
summer rains in the Himalayas and how they fill the beds of rivers and brooks with
muddy water, making journeys in these regions somewhat difficult.
Only a few hundred meters below *Camp CCCCLIX*, the *Satlej* enters, to the
N. 70° W., a very narrow rocky gate with steep sides, which forces us to ascend
the right terrace, here about 50 m. high. After a few minutes, we find that the
terrace is pierced by a valley coming from N. 46° E. and called *Tokbo-shär*. On
its floor, the greyish yellow and winding river of that name is streaming with great
noise and roar, and on its sides, the bottom of the valley is partly filled with
gravel, partly overgrown with good grass. We descended again from the terrace.
The river was divided into three branches and the maximum depth was exactly 1 m.
I made an approximate calculation of the volume. The first branch had a breadth
of 7 m., an average depth of 0.3 m., and an average velocity of 1 m., the volume
being 2.1 cub. m. per second. The second branch had a breadth of 22 m., an average
depth of 0.5 m. and an average velocity of 1.5 m., the volume being 16.5 cub. m.
per second. The third branch was 11 m. broad, had an average depth of 0.4 m. and
an average velocity of 1.6 m., the volume thus being 8.3 cub. m. per second. The
whole volume of the river was, therefore, 26.9 cub. m. per second, showing the influence
of the last rains on the dimensions of *Tokbo-shär*.
On the other side, we had again to ascend the 50 m. terrace, but here we
had an older terrace to the right, being some 10 m. higher. Two or three dry
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541
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615
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629
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643
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654
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665
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677
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692
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707
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725
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736
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746
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756
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