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| 0600 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE THIRD CROSSING OF THE TRANSHIMALAYA.
In this chapter I intend to give the additional remarks to the description of my third crossing of the *Transhimalaya* which is to be found in Chapter XXXI of Vol. III. This journey across the system begins at *Camp CL* and comes to an end at *Camp CLXVIII* or the confluence of *Chaktak-tsangpo* and the great *Tsangpo.*
The first day's march, *April 30th,* takes us 12.3 km. S. W. and south, being a rise of 50 m. as *Tsangdam, Camp CLI,* is at a height of 4,758 m.; the rate is 1:246. Pan. 168, Tab. 30, shows the *Targo-gangri* in a foreshortened perspective from a point about halfway and situated at the S. E. base of the mountain, from where the highest peak in sight is at N. 62° W. Pan. 180A and B, Tab. 32, gives a topographically important view of the range west of *Shuru-tso,* called *Gangri-do,* or *Gangri-to* to the W. S. W. and S. W., the peak *Pungkar* to the N. 73° W., peak *Targo-rigüt* to the N. 40° W., the culminating *Targo-gangri* peak to the N. 16° W., *Tsangdam* camp to the N. E. and the hill *Tar-parva* to the S. E. and S. S. E.
The distance from *Camp CL* to *Camp CLI* along the *Targo-tsangpo* is about 11.1 km., and the fall of the river is therefore, as 1:222. If the distance from *Camp CL* to the southern shore of *Dangra-yum-tso* be considered to be 44 km., and supposing the fall of the river would be the same the whole way, it would amount to 200 m., and *Dangra-yum-tso* would be at an altitude of 4,508 m. But according to the general law of erosion and plateau-land morphology the rate of fall diminishes gradually, and it may be regarded as pretty certain that the lower course of the *Targo-tsangpo* has an extremely slow fall. On our map of 1:1 000 000 Colonel Byström has adopted the height of 4,646 m. for the lake, which is the altitude calculated from the observations of Nain Sing and entered (15,240 feet) on the map of Trotter. This observation seems to agree very well with my observations south of the lake. The altitude of Nain Sing becomes the more reliable if we remember that he has given to *Ngangtse-tso* an altitude of 4,683 m. which is very near the one I found, 4,694 m., after many days of observations. If the relations were the same in both cases, *i. e.* that the altitude of *Dangra-yum-tso* as given by the Pundit
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