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| 0636 |
Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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on Pan. 254A and B, Tab. 46, is drawn from *Chärok*. It unrolls only to the south
considerable mountains, being probably the eastern continuation of the *Kubi-gangri
Range*. To the S. 63° E., where the country is very low, the *Tsangpo* flows down.
If *Chärok* is at 4,657 m., and *Camp CLXXXVIII* at 4,583 m., and the distance
between the two camps 90 km., the difference of height, 74 m., would mean a rate
of descent of the river of 1:1216. At *Camp CCI, Shapka*, 66 km. higher up, the
altitude is 4,841 m., or 184 m. higher than at *Chärok*. Here the rate of descent
is thus 1:359. The fall of the river along its long course does not form a regular
parabola, but changes from one section to another.
On *July 7th*, we travelled 8.8 km. north and N. W. to *Camp CXCVI, Sham-
sang*, at an altitude of 4,697 m., or 40 m. above the preceding camp, the rate
being 1:220. The next day we had 6.7 km. W. N. W. rising only 5 m., or to
4,702 m., which was the altitude at *Umboo, Camp CXCVII*. The rate was thus
only 1:1340. On *July 9th*, we travelled 14.8 km. west to *Camp CXCVIII, Tok-
jonsung*, at an altitude of 4,732 m., or a rise of 30 m., and a rate of 1:493.
Pan. 255A and B, Tab. 46, drawn at the confluence of the *Maryum-chu* from
*Maryum-la* and the *Chema-yundung* (or *yungdung*) River, is of a certain interest. It
shows to the S. 60° W. a distant mountain called *Kubri*. This cannot be any other than
*Kubi-gangri*, though I have heard the name given as *Kubri* when I heard of it for
the first time, and wrote it down as *Kubri*. In this form it appears on the panorama.
To the N. 55° W. is the valley by which the *Maryum-chu* comes down. To the
N. E. and E. N. E. are mountains and ridges obviously belonging to the *Pedang
Range* of *Transhimalaya*. From a terrace close to *Camp CXCVIII*, Pan. 257,
Tab. 47, was drawn. On this sketch we find the first reliable perspective of the
mighty mountains amongst which the source, or sources, of the *Brahmaputra* are
situated. To the S. 49° W. is a peak that may be the *Absi*. To the S. 68° W. is
a fine view of the *Chema-yundung-pu*, and to the S. 86° W. are other peaks belonging
to the *Chema-yundung*. To the north and N. E. is a sea of mountains.
On *July 10th*, the road is directed to the W. S. W. and S. W. to *Shäryak,
Camp CXCIX*, at an altitude of 4,874 m., or a rise of 142 m., and a rate of 1:88.
On *July 11th*, we approach the *Kubi-gangri* in a south-westerly direction,
marching 6.5 km. to the pass *Tso-niti-kargang*, 5,138 m. high, or 264 m. above the
last camp, being a rise of 1:24.7. The descent to *Camp CC, Hlayak*, at 4,861 m.,
is 5.5 km. in length and 277 m. in height, being a fall of 1:20.
From the pass *Tso-niti-kargang* I had the first opportunity to make a sketch
of all the peaks of the *Kubi-gangri*, Pan. 258A and B, Tab. 47. To the S. 30° E.
and S. 1° E. are two peaks, *Lung-yung* and *Kargam-nakbo*, belonging to the same
*Himalaya Range* as the *Kubi*. To the S. 16° W. is *Ngomo-dingding*, then the
*Absi* and its glacier, the *Mukchung-jungu, Mukchung-tseun, Langta-chen, Gaveling,*
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