Southern Tibet : vol.7 / 42 ページ（白黒高解像度画像）

0042	Southern Tibet : vol.7
南チベット : vol.7

0042

Southern Tibet : vol.7

南チベット : vol.7

22

regions in its immediate vicinity, and on his map he has sketched mountain ranges
which could easily be regarded as belonging to the Kara-korum.¹

Before entering in a more detailed way upon the question of Monserrate's
information regarding the Manasarovar Lake, I will quote a few passages of his text
which seem of particular interest to me. In his narrative of the Kabul campaign of
Akbar, 1581—1582, Monserrate gives the following short description of the River
Satlej:

Atque inde Machiuáram, id est, piscium uicum praeteruectus, ad ripam Satanulgae,
qui ab antiquis, Zarádrus dicitur, dum ligneus pons construitur, castra posuit. Cuius quidem
fons, et caput, haud multum, ab eo loco distat. Nam ad Imaum proxime, exercitum Rex
duci imperauerat. A quo Zaradrus, uersus ocasum solis fluit: et Indo, se immiscet.²

He calls the Satlej Satanulga, the Zaradrus of the Ancients. X, i. e. the un-
known annotator, has written Satanledge in the margin. Machiuára, by X called
Mutchy-wára, now Machawara, is situated in Ambala on the Satlej, only a few miles
from where the river issues from the mountains and the Hill States, some 20 miles
above Ludhiana. On Monserrate's map both »Machiwara» and »Ludiana», and
Serind, Sirhind, are entered. In his text he says that the source and origin of the
river is situated not far from Machawara, proving herewith that he had no idea of
the situation of the real source of the Satlej, which also is proved by his map, where
he puts the beginning of the river in the midst of the Himalaya. For this system
he uses the classical name, Imaus. The Emperor had ordered the army first to
march to the Himalaya, i. e. to the foot of the hills. From there the Satlej flows
towards the west and joins the Indus, which is indeed correct. In this short des-
cription not a word is said of the Manasarovar as the source of the river. We shall
return to his view on the hydrography in connection with the discussion of his map.

He gives a description of the natives and gives the following statement which
also may be said to be correct:³

Supra eam arcem (Nagarkot), ad orientem solem, in interiori Imao, immanis, et bar-
bara, Bothorum, vel Bothantum natio, per contubernia, sine rege, in pagis degit qui lanae
coagmentum, quale est petasorum, corpori, quam proxime possunt, suendo annectunt;. . . .

Thus east and above Nagarkot there lives, in tent communities, a numerous
and wild people called Both or Bothant, in which we easily recognize the Tibetans.
His statement »in the interior of Himalaya» is not to be taken literally, as the whole
mountainous country to the north of India was supposed to be the Imaus, the breadth
of which was unknown. He then says a few words of the snows of the Himalayas:

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