Southern Tibet : vol.7 / 56 ページ（白黒高解像度画像）

0056	Southern Tibet : vol.7
南チベット : vol.7

0056

Southern Tibet : vol.7

南チベット : vol.7

letting the lake cover the first half of the name and the letters MA the latter half —
though not completely. The name, Satanulge Zaradrus f., is indeed written by
a much stronger hand than the . . . adris f., as if the intention were to point out:
here is the real source of the Satlej!

To which river the upper f. on the map may have belonged is, as Hosten
says, impossible to guess. It is not at all likely that Monserrate has heard of the
two rivers entering the lake from the east, the Samo-tsangpo and the Tage-tsangpo,
though even the upper f. seems to have had a name in front. The Tsangpo-
Brahmaputra is, as pointed out above, missing altogether. Whatever may have been
the case, so much seems to be clear, that Monserrate was as uncertain regarding
the hydrographical problem as so many geographers after his time. Compared with
the hydrographical situation of 1908, his map is, at any rate, perfectly correct. I had
also good reason to put a ? before 1590 in the table of outflow from Manasarovar in
Vol. II, p. 183. From Monserrate's map it seems very probable that none of the lakes
had an outlet in 1582 or whatever year the Father may have drawn his map. But
on the other hand, the verbal information he and other missionaries had obtained from
natives, cannot be relied upon in drawing conclusions of scientific value. The map
itself, perhaps with later additions, changes or improvements, and with the names of
two rivers at the east side of the lake defaced, indicates a great uncertainty regarding
the hydrography. The problem has been simplified by the draftsman in so far, that
there is no Rakas-tal between the Manasarovar and what he calls the source of
the Satlej.

Monserrate's map is wonderful in many other respects. Disregarding the
complicated question of the relation between the Sacred Lake and the Indus and
Satlej, he has correctly placed the sources of these two rivers quite near to one
another. He knows that the source of the Indus must be situated somewhere in
the neighbourhood of the Manasarovar, though he has placed it west instead of
north-north-east of the lake. He knows that the Manasarovar is situated in the
mountains S. E. of Casmir, though the latter name has been placed too near the
source of the Indus.¹ He is quite familiar with the fact that the Upper Indus flows
to the N. W. before it pierces the mountains and enters the plains. He does not
seem to know Ladak, the country that was usually called Tibet, Baltistan or Little
Tibet by other missionaries. Still a part of the N. W. flowing course of the Indus,
belongs to Baltistan, and as this country is situated at the S. W. front of the Great

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