Southern Tibet : vol.7 / 143 ページ（白黒高解像度画像）

0143	Southern Tibet : vol.7
南チベット : vol.7

0143

Southern Tibet : vol.7

南チベット : vol.7

northern winds, after having scoured the vast plains of Tartary, receive additional
keenness in their passage over the summits of mount Caucasus, covered with eternal
snows: They bring intense cold into the countries which lay at the foot of these
mountains....»

The map illustrating Robert Orme's work, gives an idea of his conception
regarding the country to the north of India.¹ A very sharply defined range or wall
of mountains forms the northern boundary of Hindustan. On the S. W. side of its
western part, is Kasmire. North of its eastern part is Tibet or Budtan. North of
its western part is Tartary. Between the two, Kobi or Great Sandy Desert comes
in and reaches to the presumed sources of the Ganges. The rest of the country
north of India has been left blank.

The same map also accompanies Alexander Dow's translation of Ferishta,
1768.² The single difference is that it has some scanty detail added to the north
of the defined boundary range. But these additions do not improve the map.
Nagracut, where an image was worshipped still in 1768 is entered as the name of
a place, not of a mountain. The Himalayan boundary range is called Mt. Sewalic.
Kash Mire is on the S. W. side of Mt. Jarcund. Yarkand is thus regarded as
a mountain range and not as a town. N. E. of this range is Tarkhind, marked
as a territory surrounded by mountains on all sides. The Upper Indus, which was
so well conceived by Monserrate in 1581, does not exist at all. A meridional
mountain range, the last remains of Ptolemy's meridional Imaus, starts from the
neighbourhood of Nagracut and reaches a latitudinal range, representing the Kwen-lun.
Cashgar and Chotan constitute two self-contained basins. Pl. XII is a reproduction of
the northern half of this map. It is surprising that any mapmaker could draw such
a fantastic representation of these parts of Asia 38 and 35 years after the publication
of the excellent maps of Strahlenberg and d'Anville.

When Ferishta speaks of hostile invasions in India from the north, Dow, in
his notes, is not able to tell which regions and roads are meant, and even in our
days it would be difficult to do it. In Ferishta we find, for instance, the following
description of an invasion:³

In the beginning of the year 409 (A. D. 1018), as soon as the sun began to awake
the children of the spring, Sultan Mamood, with a hundred thousand chosen horse, and
thirty thousand foot, raised in the countries of Turkistan, Maverulnere, Chorrassan, and
the adjacent provinces, undertook an expedition against Kinnoge, which from the time of
Gustasp to this period, had not been visited by any foreign enemy. Kinnoge was distant
from Ghizni three months march, and seven great rivers rushed across the way. When
Mamood reached the confines of Cashmire, the Raja sent him presents of every thing

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