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0513	Southern Tibet : vol.7
南チベット : vol.7

0513

Southern Tibet : vol.7

南チベット : vol.7

347

tertiary conglomerates, sandstones and schists is to be found south of the limestone
zone of the Kara-korum Pass region.

At Tankse I found gneissgranite and leptite; then, in the direction of Aksai-
chin: gneiss and gneissgranite and leptite to beyond Muglib, where limestone and
marble appear. At Pamsal there is again gneissgranite. N. E. of Pamsal there is
limestone. South of Gogra I found brown quartzitic schist. On the road to Chang-
lung-yogma reddish sandstone. All the way to Aksai-chin I found sandstone of
different varities, sandstone schist and limestone, according to the map B., and corres-
ponding to the limestone belt of the Kara-korum Pass.

On my way from Dapsang to Aksai-chin (Op. cit., p. 124) I likewise found
limestone, schist, quartzitic sandstone, crystalline limestone, grey mica-sandstone, light,
dense, cretaceous limestone, reddish brown sandstone, and so on far to the east.

The detailed geological survey of these regions still remains to be done, and
certainly belongs to the most difficult and complicated problems of the earth's crust.
In this connection I will only mention Dr. WILHELM GEIGER'S excellent monography
of the Pamirs, in which he also makes an attempt to explain the orographical part
played by the Mustagh in its relation to the Pamirs and the Hindu-Kush. He says:

Ungefähr auf dem 75. Längengrade können wir die Scharung des Hindukusch und
des Mustagh ansetzen. Jener kommt von W. S. W., dieser von S. O. Von der Scharungs-
stelle streichen die zu den Aussenrändern beider Systeme gehörigen Ketten nach Süden und
Südwesten und umschliessen die Quellthäler des Kunar und des Jassin-Flusses. — In seinem
östlichsten Theile bis zum Meridian vom Kalai-Pändsch bildet der Hindukusch auf eine
Strecke von 140 km den Südrand des Pamir-Hochlandes und hier, wie in seinem ganzen
Verlaufe, die Wasserscheide zwischen dem Stromgebiete des Amu-darja und dem des Indus.

As is seen from his map, he reckons the Mustagh to the Himalaya System,
where the name is entered south of Taghdumbasch Pamir, and »P. Kandscherab»,
or the pass of Hunserab.¹

Amongst the principal authors referred to by Suess was RICHARD LYDEKKER.
We cannot leave the geology of the Kara-korum without mentioning his excellent
survey which partly belongs to our region.²

Lydekker refers to all his forerunners and regards Stoliczka and Drew as the
most important amongst them. The area he describes he estimates at 68,000 square
miles, situated to the south and south-west of the Kara-korum. The drainage area
of the Shayok he defines thus: »The Sháyok flows through the districts of Chorbat
and Nubra, and in its upper course receives the drainage of the Lingzhithang and
Dipsang plains, and the southern side of this part of the great Mustágh or Kára-
koram range: it also drains the Chángchenmo valley, on the frontier of Chinese Tibet,

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