Southern Tibet : vol.7 / 98 ページ（カラー画像）

0098	Southern Tibet : vol.7
南チベット : vol.7

0098

Southern Tibet : vol.7

南チベット : vol.7

those to the north much bigger than the rest, and called Mont Caucase. In the
middle of the valley is the Indus, collecting its tributaries from all surrounding
mountains. The main branch of the Indus comes from Mont Caucase, and the Upper
Indus does not get any tributaries from any country outside of Kashmir.

Bernier's two maps are very unlike one another. On the first, Pl. VI, we find
Kakares and Naugracut as two provinces east of Kashmir, and he makes the river,
which on the second map is called Inde fl., on the first to a tributary of the Send,
and makes both join at Attock. The verbal information, as given in the text, is
much better and can easily be followed on modern maps, but it is no wonder that
Bernier himself found the information he got somewhat confusing. Still the infor-
mation brought back by him was of a certain importance. The road across the
mountains he heard of, was entered on VISSCHER'S map of about 1680¹, with all
the names found in Bernier's book. From Visscher, they were adopted on many
later maps.²

NICCOLAS MANUCCI,³ on the other hand, had no high opinion of the French
traveller, which, however, seems to be chiefly due to jalousie de métier. He says
of Bernier:

I leave it to the reader's curiosity to read what Monsieur Bernier has written about
that journey, although, if I am to speak the truth, he puts many things of his own into
his Mogul history and I could, through his chronology of the times, make it clear that
he writes many things which did not occur — nor could they have occurred — in the way that
he relates them. Nor could he have been too well informed, for he did not live more than
eight years at the Mogul court; it is so very large that there are an infinity of things to
observe. Nor could he so observe, for he had no entrance to the court. As it seems to me,
he relied for what he said upon the common people; and if there is any good thing in his
books, it is due to the information given him by Père Buzeo, also to what I gave him,
having then no intention of writing anything.4

To this IRVINE remarks: »N. M.'s own chronology being persistently two years
in arrear of the true dates, it is amusing to find this serious reproof of Bernier's
inaccuracy.»

The great work of Manucci is, otherwise, rather poor in geographical information
of interest to us. His description of Kashmir runs thus:⁵

On the confines of Kashmir is the province of Tibet, which belongs to China,
divided from Kashmir by extremely high hills and chains of mountains. These are so
steep that it is impossible to climb over or descend from them. But Nature taught a way
of establishing friendship between the peoples, even though divided by such lofty walls.

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