Southern Tibet : vol.7 / 292 ページ（カラー画像）

0292	Southern Tibet : vol.7
南チベット : vol.7

the Indus, this to the southeast, and forms afterwards the Brahmaputra. ¹ Beyond the
fourth range of the Himalaya mountains, or in the next valley to the north of Ladak,
there are the following districts, counting them eastward: Nubra, Rudok, Tsotso, Bomba,
Chang-ts'hak'ha, Chang-ra greng.

The fourth of these ranges is the Transhimalayan System or at least the southern
ranges of it, and, therefore, is also in connection with the Kara-korum. Of the latter
the Tibetans have nearly no knowledge at all. — Csoma's description of Ngari from
Tibetan information runs as follows:

The northwestern part of Tibet from Tsing to Ladak, is called Nari. It is of very
great extent but the number of inhabitants is inconsiderable, not exceeding fifty thousand
families together with Ladak and Beltistan. There have been several small principalities
formerly in Nari, as, Gugé, Purang, Kangri: but all these belong now to the great lama
at H'lassa, and are governed by k'harpons (commanders of forts) sent from H'lassa. There
are also in Nari very extensive deserts. The inhabitants dwell in tents, made of hair
cloth; excercise a pastoral life, without any agriculture. Their number is said to amount
to ten thousand families, and they all are under the sgar-pon or chief officer residing at
sGar or sGaro, who is sent from U-tsang or H'lassa, and generally remains there for
three years.

Gugé, part of Nari, lying to the north of Garhwal and Kamaon, consists of two
valleys, inhabited by somewhat more than two thousand families. The principal places are
Tsaprang and Tholing, not far from each other. The first is the residence of the commanding
officer called the K'harpon of Tsaprang and the second is a large monastery and the seat
of a lama styled the K'hanpo of Tholing. He resides during the summer at Teshigang,
another large monastery, a few days journey to the north from Tholing. These two places,
Tsaprang and Tholing, have been the residence of the princes that have reigned there
from the 10th till the end of the 17th century.

Ladak, formerly called Mar-yul, still has its own prince, but he must accomodate
himself to the political views of the Chinese. Zanskar, Purik, Nubra, form part of this
principality. In the whole of Ladak the number of the inhabitants does not exceed twenty
thousand families. Nearly the half of them are Mohammedans, mostly of the Shia per-
suasion. Lé (Slé) is the capital of Ladak, the residence of the prince, and the emporium
of a considerable trade with Turkestan, H'lassa, and the Panjab countries. It is about
15 to 20 days' journey from Cashmir to the east, and nearly under the same latitude (i. e.
34° north).

Little Tibet or Beltistan (Belti-yul in Tibetan), is the most northwestern part of
Tibet. There are several chiefs. The chief residing at Kardo is the most powerful among
them; those of Kyeró and Kuru, with some others, depend on the former. The chief
of Shigar holds sometimes with the prince of Ladak and sometimes with the chief of
Kardo. The chiefs of Minaro, Hasora etc. are the heads of some predatory tribes. In
the several defiles to the south, in the neighbourhood of Beltistan, there live some predatory
tribes, among whom the most notorious are the Dardu people. These barbarous tribes
are either of Afghan or Hindu origin. The inhabitants of Beltistan are Mohammedans of

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国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト 『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

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国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ