Southern Tibet : vol.7 / 493 ページ（カラー画像）

0493	Southern Tibet : vol.7
南チベット : vol.7

the water-parting, and in this way the great rivers are born, not suddenly from a
special line, marked by a very high range, but over a rather large area, where all
crests, slopes and valleys send feeders down to the upper courses of the rivers.

The very great difference between the country west and east of this Tang-la
line, exists anyhow just as Richthofen has described it. The country east of this line
is, as he says, typically peripheric.

Nirgends ist der Gegensatz gegen die centralen Landschaften, in solchen Ländern,
die ihnen benachbart sind, schärfer gezeichnet. Auf dem Plateau, wo die Zerstörungs-
producte zurückbleiben, sind die Gebirge mehr eingehüllt und unkenntlicher, als wenn sie
als Inseln aus einem Meer aufragten, denn dieses würde in einem bestimmten Niveau seine
Grenze erreichen und darüber den Gebirgsbau klar hervortreten lassen, während die subäe-
rischen Schuttgebilde sich aus den Depressionen hoch nach den Abhängen hinaufziehen.
Wie anders das Land aussehen würde, wenn dort den Gewässern gestattet wäre, den
Schutt hinweg zu räumen und nach tiefern Regionen zu führen, das zeigt klar die östliche
Hochgebirgslandschaft, welche sich mit anscheinend wenig verändertem Charakter bis weit
über die chinesische Grenze nach Sz'-tshwan hin ausbreitet . . . .¹

As pointed out before, Richthofen has shown that the plateau character of
Chang-tang is an entirely secondary phenomenon.

Regarding the Kwen-lun, he says that it consists of a broad series of tremendous
parallel ranges which chiefly are situated in countries without outlet, and, therefore,
ordinarily rise with soft undulating forms from the steppe deposits which fill the lati-
tudinal valleys. Partly, however, they have been captured by the peripheric regions.
This description would suit the whole country down to the Tsangpo. Almost all the
ranges in the interior of Tibet are more or less parallel to the Kwen-lun and Himalaya,
and the plateau ranges go, as I believe, slowly over into the eastern ranges near
the upper courses of the Indo-Chinese rivers.

From the very scanty European information then existing, and from Chinese
maps, Richthofen was able to follow seven parallel ranges of the Central Kwen-lun.
It is unnecessary to enter upon his views here, as we have richer material nowadays
and as the description of the Kwen-lun does not enter in the plan of this work.
From Chinese sources Richthofen finds only one communication regarding the western
part of the Central Kwen-lun, and that is about the sources of the Hwang-ho, which
are placed, by the Chinese, west of Charing-nor and Oring-nor and Odon-tala in the
Bayan-khara-ula.

When the first volume of China appeared, PRSHEVALSKIY had already finished
his journey to Lop-nor, but it took some time before all his results were known. So,
only a very short time after the appearance of China, the representation Richt-
hofen had given to the Central Kwen-lun was antiquated and had to give way
to a quite different conception of the ranges, especially south of Lop-nor. But

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