National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
|
|
Color Thumbnail -
Table of Contents -
Page Number -
Biliographic Information (Metadata) -
Caption -
Color Image -
Gray HighRes. Image -
Facing Pages -
Graphics -
| 0583 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
411
Except recent sediments and eruptive rocks he only found in Western Tibet
hornblende-granite, sandstone and dark grey limestone with white veins. In spite of
his energetic searching he could never find any fossils.
Zugmayer was the first to cross the country between the Sumjiling Plain and
the Panggong Lakes. He agrees with Rawling who had stated that these parts of
Western Tibet consist of a series of nearly parallel ranges stretching N. W. to S. E.
S. W. of Kense-tsaka is a lake, which both Rawling and Zugmayer think drain to
the Panggong Lakes; a statement that appears to be very doubtful. From his Camps
XXXV to XXXVIII Zugmayer followed the valley of the river which empties into
the first lake at Noh, and for which he could not find any name. I had followed
the same way in November 1901, and then heard the river called Tsangar-shar by
my Tibetan escort.¹
On his map Zugmayer places Lake Lighten N. W. of Yeshil-kul and has a
mountain range between the two, a representation that is not in accordance with
reality. The mistake is due to the fact that Zugmayer did not himself visit Lake
Lighten but had to rely upon the mapping of his predecessors.
From a geographical point of view Dr. Zugmayer's expedition has not brought
much new information, but from a zoological point of view it has been very important.
The traveller has also published a very well-written book on his experiences and results.²
Although the Kwen-lun is outside of our present discussion and historical re-
view of exploration in Western Tibet, I cannot help mentioning in this connection
a few extracts from Dr. M. A. STEIN'S important glacial observations in the Western
Kwen-lun during his great expedition of 1906 to 1908, the best geographical work
that has been carried out in this region.
From the eastern slopes of the Mus-tagh-ata Range he turned eastwards and
made his way through unsurveyed ground along the right bank of the Tisnaf River
to the outer Kwen-lun about Kok-yar. He followed a little-known route through
the barren outer hills to Khotan at the close of July. His surveyor RAI RAM SING
had been despatched for a survey of the snowy range towards the Kara-kash River.
He reached it and pushed over the Hindu-tash Pass, about 17,400 feet high, »closed
since many years by the advance of a great glacier».³ This was the last bit of
terra incognita in the difficult mountain region between the middle courses of the
two great Khotan Rivers, the Yurung-kash and Kara-kash.
One month was spent in supplementing his surveys of 1900 in the high Kwen-
lun Range south of Khotan, and here special attention was paid to the great glaciers
which feed the headwaters of the Yurung-kash.
1
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
17
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
28
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
38
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
49
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
60
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
70
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
81
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
92
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
105
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
117
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
128
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
138
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
150
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
161
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
177
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
190
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
202
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
214
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
225
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
237
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
251
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
263
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
277
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
291
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
302
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
315
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
329
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
342
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
352
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
363
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
375
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
386
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
397
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
407
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
420
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
432
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
444
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
457
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
467
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
478
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
488
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
499
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
510
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
520
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
530
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
541
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
552
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
563
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
573
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
581
582
583
584
585
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
593
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
605
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
615
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
625
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
635
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
646
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
656
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
666
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
681
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
693
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
704
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
714
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
726
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
737
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
747
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
758
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
773
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
788
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
801
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
813
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
833
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
848
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
864
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
876
.
.
.
.
|
888
Copyright (C) 2003-2026
National Institute of Informatics
and
The Toyo Bunko. All Rights Reserved.
