National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
|
|
Color Thumbnail -
Table of Contents -
Page Number -
Biliographic Information (Metadata) -
Caption -
Color Image -
Gray HighRes. Image -
Facing Pages -
Graphics -
| 0048 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
through the range of the Onion mountains. The snow rests on them both winter and summer. There are also among them venomous dragons, which, when provoked, spit forth poisonous winds, and cause showers of snow and storms of sand and gravel. Not one in ten thousand of those who encounter these dangers escapes with his life. The people of the country call the range by the name of 'The Snow mountains'. When (the travellers) had got through them, they were in North India, and imme- diately on entering its borders, found themselves in a small kingdom called T'o-li . . . The travellers went on to the south-west for fifteen days (at the foot of the mountains, and) following the course of their range. The way was difficult and rugged, (running along) a bank exceedingly precipitous which rose up there, a hill-like wall of rock, 10 000 cubits from the base. When one approached the edge of it, his eyes became unsteady; and if he wished to go forward in the same direction, there was no place on which he could place his foot; and beneath were the waters of the river called the Indus. In former times men had chiselled paths along the rocks, and distributed ladders on the face of them, to the number altogether of 700, at the bottom of which there was a suspension bridge of ropes, by which the river was crossed, its banks being there eighty paces apart . . . After crossing the river, (the travellers) immediately came to the kingdom of Wu-ch'ang, which is indeed (a part) of North India . . . .¹
The principal Stations, distances in time, and directions which we have especially to remember, are the following:
1. From Khotan 25 days to Tzŭ-ho.
2. Thence 4 days south through the Ts'ung-ling mountains and thence to Yü-mo (Yü-hui).
3. Thence 25 days among the hills to Chieh-ch'a situated in the midst of the Ts'ung-ling.
4. Thence westwards one month including the crossing of the Ts'ung-ling and the Snow mountains, T'o-li in North India was reached.
5. Thence south-west 15 days within the mountains and finally crossing the Indus to Wu-ch'ang.
At the first sight these data seem to be sufficient for the sketching of the pilgrims' route on the map. Klaproth on his map in the Foë Kouë Ki makes it cross the Ts'ung- ling mountains in the Kara-korum Pass, then continue south-east-wards, east of the Shayok, and finally turn westwards to Ladak. Richthofen on his Pl. 9, China I, has drawn it from Khotan straight west to Tzŭ-ho, which is situated south of Yarkand. From that place he continues Fa-hien's route S. E. to the Kara-korum Pass, and thence further on the Saser road to Leh, where he makes it end, obviously in uncertainty of the pilgrims, further progress. On Richthofen's map Ts'ung-ling is the same as the Kara-korum Range, whereas the range north of it is called »Westlicher Kwen-lun«.
The problem would be easy, if we only knew what Fa-hien meant with his Ts'ung-ling. The only thing that appears perfectly clear, and which Richthofen has pointed out, is that
1
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
17
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
28
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
38
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
46
47
48
49
50
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
59
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
69
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
80
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
91
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
101
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
111
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
122
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
132
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
142
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
152
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
162
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
173
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
183
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
193
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
203
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
213
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
223
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
233
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
243
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
254
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
264
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
275
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
287
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
298
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
308
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
319
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
331
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
346
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
357
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
368
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
378
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
388
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
398
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
408
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
418
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
428
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
438
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
451
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
469
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
485
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
496
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
508
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
519
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
530
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
545
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
555
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
565
.
.
.
.
|
.
582
Copyright (C) 2003-2026
National Institute of Informatics
and
The Toyo Bunko. All Rights Reserved.
