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| 0051 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
Ts'ung-ling mountains (chap. V), or say that a journey of one month westward across the Ts'ung-ling
mountains brought him to North India . . . ?¹
Lord Curzon in his essay on the Pamir also discusses the Chinese pilgrims' routes,
and makes reference to all the different views regarding Fa-hien, where no two writers
have agreed. He makes some critical remarks on Raverty's hypothesis that »Fa-hien
without doubt reached the present Kashgar territory«, and traversed the Kara-korum Pass,
and on his belief »that Kie-sha was not Ladak, but the adjoining district of Balti«. Finally
Curzon says:
How, if Fa-hian crossed the Karakoram, he could have avoided Ladak, or how, if he came
through Baltistan to Gilgit, he could have passed Hunza, or why any of these identifications should be
accepted, does not appear.²
Curzon has a quite new theory of his own. The pilgrims travelled slowly, and their
distances cannot be expected to correspond with those of modern itineraries. He points
out »that the Ts'ung-ling mountains is a name applied by the Chinese to the entire mountain
mass, including the Pamirs, the Hindu-Kush, and the Mustagh range, as well as the mountain
belt south of them, extending from Badakshan on the west to Chinese Turkestan on the
east«. Ladak, being on the extreme eastern fringe, could not be described as in »the
middle of these mountains«. The climate of Fa-hien's Ts'ung-ling accords with the climate
of the Pamirs. As his successor, Sung Yün called the main Hindu Kush by the name
»Snowy Mountains«. Curzon finds it probable that Fa-hien did the same. Further he notes
that Fa-hien a month after leaving Chieh-ch'a »speaks of having crossed Ts'ung-ling, which
he could only have done if coming from the north, and which he would nowhere be said
to have done if coming from Ladak or Baltistan«. Finally the remaining Chinese pilgrims
generally travelled by the Pamir line whereas there is no contemporary witness to a
Kara-korum route. Curzon, therefore, holds that Fa-hien travelled through some portion
of the Pamir region, »though what track he followed, or by what passes he crossed the
main range, we have no means of ascertaining«.³
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