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| 0080 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
Richthofen explains both the outward and the homeward journey of Hsüan-chuang
through the western mountains. The pilgrim arrived from India at Kabul and crossed
the Hindu-kush in the Khevak Pass, which Wood had made known to us, and further
he passed Andarab, Khost, Badakhshan, and Wakhan. He crossed the pass of Karachun-
kur on the Pamir-kurd and continued down viâ Chieh-p'an-t'o (Sarikol) to Chieh-sha or
Kashgar.¹
Sir Henry Yule says of Hsüan-chuang that he »appears to have regarded the Wakhsh
branch as the main Fo-ch'u or Oxus». For after describing the Lake of Pamir, apparently
the Sirikul of Wood, he says:
This lake discharges to the westward; for a river issues from it which runs west to the eastern
frontier of the kingdom of Ta-mo-hsi-t'ieh-ti and then joins the River Fo-ch'u; their waters flow westward
and are discharged into the sea.²
Yule is of the opinion that Hsüan-chuang on his return journey, when traversing
Pamir, apparently followed the route which later on was taken by Montgomerie's Mirza.³
Again he says of the pilgrim's return journey:
This appears to have passed up the valley of Wakhan and across the little Pamir to Tash
Kurghan, and thence to Kashgar, exactly by the route recently followed by the Mirza.⁴
To get a clear idea of Yule's opinion we have therefore to consider for a moment
the itinerary of the Mirza, which in a most excellent way has been described and thoroughly
discussed by Major Montgomerie.⁵ The Mirza travelled from Kabul northwards over the
Hindu-kush by the ordinary route to Bamian, viâ Khulm, Tash-kurgan, through Badakhshan
viâ Rustak, along the Kokcha river, a tributary to the Oxus, in the valley of the Upper
Oxus which was reached at Ishkashim, and to the Punja fort in Wakhan. So far the
Mirza's route could be tested by Wood's, for they were identical and agreed very well:
From Punja onwards the Mirza's route diverges from that of Lieutenant Wood; who took the
northern branch of the Oxus, whilst the Mirza followed the more southerly branch . . . . Whichever
may have the honour of being the main source of the Oxus, there is no doubt but that the two combined
form the Upper Oxus River, and as Wood had explored the northern, it is fortunate that circumstances
should have made the Mirza explore the southern. We have now got both, and can account for nearly
all the drainage of the Upper Oxus.
In the beginning of January 1869 the Mirza started from Punja, and reached, after
four days, the watershed of the Pamir Steppe, between Wakhân and Eastern Turkistan.
»The rivers were all frozen, and the source was evidently a small frozen lake, called Pâmir-
kul or Barkut Yassin» which lay about 13,300 feet above the sea.⁶ »The Mirza thinks
that some of its water flows to the west, and some to the east; but, as all the streams
were frozen, this cannot be considered as established.» Montgomerie does not believe in
such a singular bifurcation, for he knew no lake in the Himalayas with two exits, and
regards the phenomenon as uncommon.
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