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| 0086 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
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of several hundred li. The Kipchak Buruts have their pasture grounds there. »The water issu-
ing from the lake to the east runs eastwards, while that on the western side runs westwards.»¹
Then follows, in the Hsi-yü-shui-tao-chi, Hsüan-chuang's famous account of the Dragon
Lake.² It is quoted nearly verbatim, and the Hsi-yü-shui-tao-chi has some remarks to add.
To the words of Hsüan-chuang that »to the west of the lake there is a large stream,
which, going west, reaches so far as the eastern borders of the kingdom of Ta-mo-hsi-ĉieh-ti,
and then joins the river Oxus, and flows still to the west», the author of the Hsi-yü-shui-tao-chi
remarks that Ta-mo-hsi-ĉie-ti is situated to the west of Ts'ung-ling on the south side of
the Oxus and north of the great mountain of that region. To the words »flows still to the
west», the Chinese author adds »that in those days (Hsüan-chuang's) there existed two
western outflows». On a map accompanying the Chinese work there is a special annotation
along the two outflows saying that they run to the west. (Vide the map at the end of
this Vol., Pl. XXVIII.)
Regarding the difficulties of the road travelled by Hsüan-chuang the author of the
Hsi-yü-shui-tao-chi states that nowadays everybody who comes travelling from Prayâga
(Allahabad) and who has crossed the territory of Kabish and traversed the Ts'ung-ling
and Pamir-ch'uan, and then by a round-about way journeyed to Khotan, most likely would
die of exhaustion. But there were still several people who used to travel through the
country, and if they had no riding animals for comfort's sake, they used to walk along
this lake. The expression Lung-ch'ih or Dragon pool of the time of the T'ang, was said
to correspond to the expression ku-lö (köl) in the language of the I, or western foreigners,
and as the colour was something of a bluish black, the Lake was called K'a-la (Mongol
Khara, turkish kara, black). This was the southern source of the Kashgar river. The
northern was the Ulan-ussu or Kizil-su.
The author of the Hsi-yü-shui-tao-chi thus identifies Ta-mo-hsi-ĉieh-ti with a country
on the south of the Oxus and on the west of the Ts'ung-ling proper, which may be Wakhân
as well as anything else.
Sarikol is called Chieh-p'an-t'o by Hsüan-chuang. The Han-p'an-t'o of Sung Yün
is the capital of Sarikol or Tash-kurgan. In the Hsi-yü-shui-tao-chi the journey of Sung Yün
is quoted in a somewhat surprising way. Speaking of the Ulan-ussu branch of the Kashgar-
darya, the author of Hsi-yü-shui-tao-chi has a few remarks from the mentioned Lo-yang-
chia-lan-chi or »Description of the Monasteries of Lo-yang», which contains the account
of Sung Yün's journey. It is said that Sung Yün came from Yü-t'ien to the kingdom of
Chu-chü-po, from which the country of Han-p'an-t'o was to be reached in five days. In
another six days one had to ascend the Ts'ung-ling. In four days the pass was to be reached.
(Vide supra p. 36.) Han-p'an-t'o was situated on the top of the mountain and was the same
as the present (1824) Alai region, which is inhabited by the Kartegin Buruts. In the History
of the Han it was called Hsi-shang-ts'ung-ling or »Western upper Ts'ung-ling», and should
have the same meaning as Hsiu-hsün. S. E. of Alai the *Kobko mountain should be situated,
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