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| 0091 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
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and down across Kiliang and Sanju. This is obviously the same mountain road which
was taken by Fa-hien in the opposite direction, from Khotan and westward, and more
than hundred years later by Sung Yün.
5. CONCLUSION.
The result of this examination will therefore be that we may regard the itinerary
of Hsüan-chuang as pretty well known, and we have thus gained a fixed groundline for
the western and eastern boundaries of the Ts'ung-ling. As a matter of fact the result
would have been the same if it could have been proved that the Dragon Lake were
identical with the Kara-köl. For the whole of the Pamirs belong to the Ts'ung-ling.
But in this case the western and eastern margins of the block of mountains, or the mountain
knot where all the great orographical systems join, is of the greatest importance. Adding
hereto that Hsüan-chuang's narrative contains a great deal of most valuable information,
he must be said to have provided us with the best material existing for the determination
of the system in question.
To recapitulate, he has told us that the Western Tien-shan is a part of the Ts'ung-
ling. The system stretches to the very neighbourhood of the Iron Gates, and Darwaz is
said to be in the midst of the Ts'ung-ling. Leaving Kunduz and marching eastwards you
at once enter the Ts'ung-ling mountains. To the south the Ts'ung-ling is in immediate
connection with the great Snowy mountains — Hindu-kush. To the north Issik-köl and
the Alexander Range are its boundaries. In the east the Kashgar Range with Muz-tagh-ata
belongs to it. The Dragon Lake is situated in the interior of the Onion mountains, and
Sarikol is to be found in their midst. A place some two days east of Tash-kurgan is
said to belong to the eastern range of the Ts'ung-ling, which is identical with the Kashgar
Range. Again and finally he says that leaving Sarikol and going east he descended
from the eastern range of Ts'ung-ling, and coming out from the Ts'ung-ling he arrived at
Yarkand which is situated south-east of the Kashgar Range.
These data are quite sufficient for us to get a very good idea of the extent of the
system. It may be said that only one side of the Onion mountains is left undetermined by
Hsüan-chuang. Of what we call the western Kwenlun he had no personal experience and
he had therefore no reason to express an opinion about this portion of our system. On
the other hand, when he, during his stay in Khotan says:
In my travels through successive kingdoms I have passed seventeen years, and now, having
come from the country of Prayāga; passed through Kapiśa; surmounted the precipices of the Ts'ung-ling,
traversed the valley of Pamir, I have reached Khotan . . . ¹
it is obvious that he places Ts'ung-ling to the south and not to the north of Pamir.
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