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| 0093 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
63
The expression »il fut balancé sous les ponts de corde» shows that he travelled in
the region of the *Indus river*. He also came to *Lo-ch'a* (for Wu-ch'a, Udyana?)¹
Puis il passa par l'état de Sin-tou (Sindhou, le fleuve Sindh) et arriva alors dans celui de
Louo-tch'a. Il fut traité avec honneur et respect par le roi; il séjourna là quatre ans.
Chavannes here confines the *Ts'ung-ling* to the *Belur-tagh*. But Belur-tagh itself
is a very uncertain term, which, however, by the great French scholar is regarded as
separating the *Chinese Turkistan* from the *Russian*. Chavannes, therefore, seems to place
the term Belur-tagh on the mountains of the Eastern Pamir, and consequently confines
the term Ts'ung-ling in a rather small area.
3. WU-K'UNG'S ROUTE OUT FROM CHINA.
Wu-k'ung 悟空 is the last Chinese pilgrim of the T'ang period whose acquaintance
we make. Under his earlier name Fa-chieh 法 界 (sanscr. Dharmadhātu) he came to *India*
across the *Ts'ung-ling* in 751 A. D., and returned to *China* after no less than some 40 years.
If his meager, sometimes even rather dry statements cannot be compared with the narratives
of such pilgrims as Fa-hien and Hsüan-chuang, they still constitute a welcome addition, as
will appear from the following quotations.
On his way out Wu-k'ung accompanied an imperial embassy to *Gandhāra*. After
having taken the road by *Kucha* and *Kashgar* in Eastern Turkistan, the travellers began
to ascend the *Ts'ung-ling*. Of this and the farther route is said in the translation of
Lévi and Chavannes²:
Il passa les *monts des Oignons*, parvint aux passes de *Yang-yu*, atteignit le royaume des *cinq
Tch'e-mi* (on dit aussi Che-ni) de la vallée *Pouo-mi*, puis le royaume de *How-mi*, puis le royaume de
*Kiu-wei*, puis le royaume de *Ho-lan*, puis le royaume de *Lau-so*, puis le royaume de *Nie-ho*³, puis le
royaume d'*Ou-tchang-na* (on dit aussi Ou-tch'ang et Ou-tch'an), le royaume de *Mang-ngo-po* et la ville
de *Kao-f'eou*, puis le royaume de *Mo-tan*, puis la ville de *Sin-tou* (elle est près du fleuve Sin-tou, on
l'appelle aussi Sin-f'eou, ou parfois ville de Sin-f'eou). Le 21ᵉ jour du deuxième mois de la douzième
année, marquée des signes koei-se (753), il arriva au royaume de *Kien-t'o-lo* (la prononciation sanscrite
est correctement Gandhāra); c'est là qu'est la capitale orientale du *Ki-pin*.
At the side of some well-known names so many unknown ones make their appearance
in this passage, that the route hardly may be regarded as coinciding with any of the
ordinary roads described above. Still it is not easy task to fix its situation with any degree
of certainty. Even the *Yang-yü Pass*, which Wu-k'ung obviously reached from the
valley of *Ges*, cannot be identified. At any rate the pilgrim was then in *Shighnān* and
*Great Pamir*, and therefore no doubt on the *Sir-i-kōl*. The following known names, *Hu-mi*
and *Chu-wei*, point to the road through *Wakhān*, and thence across the *Baroghil Pass*
south-west to Mastuj. Then follow some stations that cannot be identified, as *Ho-lan*,
*Lan-so*⁴ and *Nieh-ho*, but which must be situated farther south, as the next kingdom,
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