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| 0096 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
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OCR Text
3. THE SUNG ANNALS.
In how high a degree the Chinese were dependent upon the older conceptions is also proved by a statement from the *Annals of the Sung dynasty* (960—1279 A. D.), which is ascribed to an embassy from *Khotan*¹:
Die Gesandtschaft berichtete: Unser Land ist von der kaiserlichen Hauptstadt 9900 li entfernt; im Südwesten grenzt es an den *Ts'ung-ling*² und ist in 3000 li Entfernung mit dem Lande der *Brahmanen* (Indien) verbunden. Im Osten ist es den *T'u-fan* (Tibetern) benachbart. Im Nordwesten gelangt man nach über 2000 li bis *Su-lo* (Kashgar). Im Osten der Stadt (Khotan) ist der Fluß des weißen Nephrits (Yurung-kash-darya), im Westen der des grünen Nephrits, noch mehr im Westen der des schwarzen Nephrits (Kara-kash-darya). Ihre Quellen sind im *K'un-hang-Gebirge*³, 1300 li westlich von der Hauptstadt des Reiches.
4. TRAVELLERS DURING THE MONGOL DYNASTY.
During the dominion of the Mongols the interest in the *Ts'ung-ling* decreased as in Central Asia the centre of gravity of the intercourse was removed farther north to regions beyond the *Tien-shan*. In the period of the *Mongol dynasty* in China, no special remarks regarding the Ts'ung-ling may be established.⁴ In this connection it is noticeable in what manner the Chinese travellers have spoken of these mountains.
Important is the travel of Ch'ang-ch'un 長春 who in 1221—24 passed through the whole of Central Asia.⁵ In 1220 he was invited to Chingis Khan, and, as the conqueror in the meantime started for his campaign in *Western Asia*, the monk had to follow him. In February 1221 Ch'ang-ch'un left *China*, and travelled viâ *Uliassutai* and *Urumchi*, and along the northern foot of *Tien-shan* to *Jambalik* (Bishbalik), thence to *Kulja*, crossing the rivers *Chu* and *Talas*, reaching the city of *Sairam*, and finally crossing *Sir-darya* to *Samarkand*. Early in 1222 he went in search of Chingis Khan who then was in the *Hindu-kush*. Ch'ang-ch'un therefore had to travel viâ *Kesh* (Shar-i-sabs), the *Iron Gates*⁶ and across *Amu-darya*. As the conqueror had no time to receive him, he returned to *Samarkand*, and in the autumn again travelled viâ *Balkh* to *Hindu-kush*. Now he was several times received, and, in 1223, accompanied Chingis Khan on his way eastwards. From *Tashkent* the old man got permission to continue alone the same way he had been coming. Bretschneider says that Ch'ang-ch'un's narrative is much more reasonable, valuable and easier to understand than the tales of Rusbruk, Carpini, Haithon and others of his contemporaries.
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